UC-NRLF 


SB    S77    M13 


'X 


/  J 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

PRESENTED  BY 

PROF.  CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 
MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


THE 


OEANGE  COUNTY  STUD  BOOK, 


GITING  A  HISTORY  OF 


ALL  NOTED  STALLIONS 

BRED  AND  RAISED  IN  ORANGE  COUNTY ; 

TOGETHEB  WITH 

SYMPTOMS  AND  TREATMENT  OF  TUB  DISEASES 
0V  THE  HORSE, 

BT 

J.    H.    REEVES,    V.S. 


PUBLISHED     BY 

Isr     db     OO-, 

86  Nassau  St.,  New  York 

1875. 


INTRODUCTION. 


author  of  this  little  work,  a  native,  and  for 
JL  years  a  resident  of  Orange  County,  and  one 
whose  avocation  has  thrown  him  much  into  the 
society  of  her  horsemen,  and  consequently  enabled 
him  to  acquire  much  valuable  information  in  regard 
to  the  breeding  of  horses  in  that  county,  and  the 
history  and  pedigree  of  its  celebrated  animals,  in 
presenting  his  book  to  the  public,  hopes  that,  in 
estimating  its  value,  the  reliability,  novelty,  and 
msefulness  of  its  statements,  rather  than  the  number 
of  its  pages,  will  be  taken  into  consideration  by  the 
reader.  It  is  probable  that  no  useful  animal  is  more 
affected  by  climate  and  food  than  the  horse ;  and 
while  the  climate  of  the  County  of  Orange  seema 

IR362654 


4  ORANGE    COUNTY 

favorable  to  the  production  of  the  horse,  and  it» 
rich  pastures  and  fine  meadows  afford  the  elements 
for  developing  the  finest  forms  and  most  enduring 
constitutions,  it  is  only  by  a  judicious  system  of 
breeding  that  to  these  two  requisites  of  a  good  horse, 
the  third,  that  of  speed,  can  be  added. 

Our  ideas  of  the  system  of  breeding  which  should 
be  adopted  in  order  to  be  successful,  and  the  reasons 
upon  which  they  are  founded,  constitute  our  first 
article.  It  contains  no  idle  dogmas  or  worthless  and 
fantastic  theories,  calculated  to  lead  the  earnest  and 

m 

Honest  searcher  for  useful  knowledge  into  gross  errors 
and  mistakes,  but  rather  a  collection  of  rules,  precepts, 
and  facts,  deduced  from  long  experience  in  and  close 
•observation  of  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  subject. 

While  it  is  an  undeniable  fact  that  many  fast  trot- 
ters have  been  bred  and  raised  by  persons  who  had  no 
'knowledge  of  these  principles,  yet  if  the  pedigree  of 
•such  could  be  correctly  traced,  it  would  be  found  that 
the  breeders  thereof  have  almost  invariably  conformed 
unintentionally  to  these  established  rules,  and  that, 


*TUD   BOOK.  5- 

consequently,  instead  of  the  progeny  being  simply  the 
result  of  chance,  it  was  produced  under  and  in  strict 
a-^cordance  with  the  fixed  rule  of  the  law  of  nature  — 
that  "  like  will  produce  like." 

In  proof  of  the  soundness  of  our  theory  in  regard 
to  breeding,  we  shall  follow  the  above-mentioned 
article  with  the  pedigree  and  history  of  a  few  of  the 
most  celebrated  stock  horses  which  have  been  produced 
in  Orange  County,  which,  if  carefully  perused,  cannot 
fail  to  convince  the  reader  of  the  infallibility  of  the 
law  of  reproduction.  And  while  our  work  is  designed 
more  particularly  for  those  who,  in  consequence  of 
their  interest  therein,  may  properly  be  styled  "horse- 
men," yet  we  trust  that  it  will  not  be  altogether  with- 
out interest  to  the  general  reader,  and  that  he  may 
obtain  some  useful  information  in  regard  to  the  animal 
which  contributes  so  mucn  to  tne  comfort  and  pleasure 
of  mankind,  and  which  represents  so  largely  the 
wealth  of  our  citizens. 

The  author  has  spent  much  time  in  obtaining  the 
reliable  pedigree  and  history  of  the  noted  stallionv 


6  ORANGE    COUNTY 

American  Star;  and  facts  are  herein  disclosed  in 
regard  to  the  history  of  Rysdyk's  Harabletonian  never 
before  made  public.  As  these  are  now  universally 
regarded  as  the  representative  stock  horses  of  Orange 
County,  and  as  the  history  of  each  is  replete  with 
interest,  much  more  might  have  been  written ;  having 
concluded,  however,  to  offer  our  book  at  a  price  within 
the  reach  of  all,  we  have  been  compelled  to  condense 
it  in  this  as  well  as  in  many  other  particulars.  We 
have  also  appended  a  brief  treatise  on  the  diseases  of 
horses  and  the  treatment  thereof,  which  will  be  found 
to  be  worth  the  price  of  the  book  ten-fold  to  every 
horse  owner. 


STUD   BOOJ 


BREEDING 

IN  CHANGE  COUNTY. 


Having  briefly  referred  to  the  general  subject  of 
breeding  horses  in  the  foregoing  article,  we  pass  to 
notice  the  history  and  results  thereof  in  Orange 
County,  in  which  county  the  subject  has  received 
great  attention,  and  has  been  rendered  exceedingly 
profitable  to  those  who  have  engaged  judiciously 
therein.  Indeed,  from  the  time  when  the  attention  of 
the  citizens  of  this  county  was  first  drawn  to  this  sub- 
ject, the  standard  of  trotting  horses  throughout  the 
country  has  been  gradually  elevated,  and  their  speed  so 
increased,  that  with  the  present  established  record  of 
2.17,  it  would  seem  that  it  has  now  reached  its  lowest 
second,  and  that  not  much  greater  achievements  could 
reasonably  be  expected  from  horseflesh. 


8  ORANGE    COUNTY 

While  the  breeding  of  miming  horses  has  been  in 
vogue  for  years,  and  their  contests  upon  the  turf  is  a 
time-honored  and  ancient  amusement,  the  first  stallion 
that  we  ever  saw  advertised  as  possessing  trotting  qual- 
ities was  Imported  Bellfounder,  in  the  year  1832.  He 
was  a  bright  bay,  with  black  main,  tail,  and  legs, 
standing  fifteen  hands  high ;  and  his  superior  blood, 
symmetry  of  form,  and  action,  excelled  all  other  stal- 
lions. He  was  allowed,  by  the  best  judges  in  Norfolk, 
England,  to  be  the  fastest  and  best-bred  stallion  ever 
sent  out  of  that  country.  No  doubt  he  was,  for,  as  a 
proof,  he  stayed  here  only  one  year,  and  was  then 
taken  back.  Bellfounder  made  the  season  at  Wash- 
in  gtonville,  with  full  pedigree  given,  at  twenty-five 
dollars  to  insure  a  mare  in  foal.  And  here,  well  may 
we  mention,  that  forty  years  ago,  twenty-five  dollars 
made  the  farmers  of  Orange  County  open  their  eyes, 
for  at  that  time,  it  is  a  fact  well  known,  that  the  price 
of  service  was  looked  at,  not  pedigree. 

Bellfounder  at  that  time  was  said  to  have  trotted 
seventeen  miles  in  an  hour.  Notwithstanding  what 


STUD   BOOK.  9- 

was  then  considered  an  exorbitant  price,  Bellfounder 
was    patronised,    for    the    Crabtree    mare    was    his 
daughter,  and  the  mother  of  J.  D.  Sayer's  Harry  Clay, 
who  has  proved  himself  a  trotter,  and  the  sire  of  trot- 
ters.    Bellfounder  was  the  sire  of  the  Charles  Kent 
mare,  the  mother  of  the  celebrated  stallion  Hamble- 
tonian,  the  property  of  the  late  Wm.  M.  Rysdyk,  of 
Chester,   Orange  County,  N.  Y.     Of  this  horse  and 
his  get,  a  place  will  be  found  in  this  book.     We  pass 
through  the  years  of  our  Hylanders,  Hickories,  Wild 
Airs,  Liberties,  Lances,  Bolivars,  Ottoways,  Bullfrogs, 
and  a  host  of  others,  many  of  whose  get  made  good 
mothers,  properly  bred,  for  they  were  all  bred  up.  (See 
article  on  breeding.)    There  was  not  much  change  in 
breeding  valuable   horses   until  about  the  spring  of 
1 847,  when  Abdallah  came  into  this  county.     He  was 
a  big,  coarse,  homely  horse ;  and  then  the  farmers  first 
began  to  look  at  and  turn  their  attention,    many  of 
them,  to  pedigree  and  blood.     This  horse  Abdallah  was 
almost  if  not  the  first  point  made  in  Orange  County  in 
bringing  the  breeding  of  trotters  to  the  standard  it  has 


10  ORANGE  COUNTY 

at  the  present  time.  Black  Hawk  came  into  the  coun- 
ty next,  and  left  some  good  colts.  His  mare  colts 
have  made  some  of  our  best  breeders.  Charles  Bull, 
of  the  town  of  Blooming  Grove  has  a  mare  sired  by 
Black  Hawk  that  has  raised  him  six  colts  by  Hamble- 
tonian,  all  horse  colts,  and  have  been  sold  young.  He 
has  one  foaled  in  1871.  And  these  colts  have  ave- 
raged Mr.  Bull  two  thousand  four  hundred  dollars. 
Other  mares  by  Black  Hawk  are  valued  highly  as 
I  breeders.  Black  Hawk  died  in  Montgomery,  July, 
1853. 

Cassius  M.  Clay,  Jr.,  made  his  appearance  here  in 
the  spring  of  1852.  His  get  has  been  of  great  value 
for  breeding  purposes,  as  it  gave  us  more  size,  more 
bone,  and  speed.  He  left  a  large  number  of  good  ones 
in  this  county.  His  price  for  service  was  twenty  dol- 
lars, which  was  thought  to  be  extravagant  by  those 
who  patronised  him,  J.  D.  Sayer's  Harry  Clay  was 
one  of  his  get — was  foaled  in  the  spring  of  1853, — 
was  kept  for  service  in  this  county  until  he  was  sold  in 
1862  to  Harry  Dater,  of  New  York,  for  five  thousand 


8TUD   BOOK.  11 

dollars.  This  horse  was  a  stock  horse  that  improved 
our  breeds  for  bwie,  size,  and  speed.  Of  his  get  many 
are  of  note  on  the  turf,  his  mares  are  highly  appreci- 
ated on  our  breeding  farms,  and  his  horse  colts  kept 
as  stallions  have  been  sold  at  high  figures  and  left  our 
county.  One  is  still  here  kept  for  service;  this  is 
Black  Harry  Clay,  foaled  in  the  spring  of  1859.  He 
was  bred  by  Wm.  Owen,  and  owned  by  him  and  Brad. 
P.  Doty,  but  has  always  been  under  the  control  of 
Brad.  This  horse  is  a  trotter,  and  his  get  are  trotters. 
One  of  his  colts  was  sold  to  Gen.  Kilpatrick  for  four 
thousand  dollars  in  gold,  and  taken  to  Chili.  Cassius 
M.  Clay,  the  sire  of  Cassius  M.  Clay,  Jr.,  stood  for 
service  in  Montgomery,  and  died  in  the  same  stable 
that  the  Black  Hawk  died  in,  July,  1854.  He  was 
driven  to  death,  and  Black  Hawk  doctored  to  death.  As 
this  family  of  horses  all  have  their  representatives  at 
the  present  day,  we  must  give  space  and  time  for 
those  that  are  still  on  the  stage  of  action.  We  will  leave 
this  by  giving  a  history  of  the  celebrated  stallion 
Hambletonian  and  his  get 


OKANGJi 


HISTORY 

OF  THE 

HORSE  HAMBLETONIAN, 

The  Property  of  tUe  late  Wm.  M.  Rysdyk. 


The  pedigree  of  this  celebrated  horse  is  familiar  to 
almost  every  horseman  throughout  the  civilized 
world ;  indeed,  perhaps  no  single  horse  ever  foaled  has 
won  from  his  own  intrinsic  merits  such  an  extensive 
and  enduring  reputation. 

He  was  by  Abdallah,  the  grandson  of  the  renowned 
imported  Messenger ;  his  dam  the  Charles  Kent  maret 
and  she  by  imported  Bellfounder. 

Abdallah  was  kept  for  mares  at  Chester,  Orange 
County,  hi  the  years  eighteen  hundred  and  forty- seven 
and  eight,  at  twenty  dollars  to  insure  a  colt.  In  the 
latter  year,  Jonas  Seely,  of  the  same  town,  owned  this 
Charles  Kent  mare,  and  bred  her  to  the  horse  Abdal- 


STUD    BOOK.  13 

lah.  She  proved  with  foal,  and  OD  the  fifteenth  day 
of  May,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-nine,  gave  birth 
to  the  colt  which  since  has  become  so  famous  through- 
out the  land  under  the  name  of  Hambletonian. 

The  mare,  with  her  colt  by  her  side,  was  sold  by 
Mr.  Seely  to  the  late  William  M.  Rysdyk,  for  the  sum 
of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars.  The  circum- 
stances of  Mr.  Rysdyk  were  at  this  time  very  limited, 
and  it  was  only  through  the  assistance  of  friends  that 
he  was  enabled  to  effect  the  purchase  even  at  the  low 
figures  named  by  the  owner.  From  the  price  paid  we 
may  readily  infer  that  there  was  nothing  very  attract- 
tive  or  extraordinary  either  in  the  appearance  of  the 
dam  or  her  foal.  The  colt,  however,  under  the  careful 
management  of  his  new  owner,  rapidly  improved,  and 
was  shown  the  same  fall  at  the  fair  of  the  Orange 
County  Agricultural  Society  at  Goshen. 

At  this  exhibition  he  was  led  by  the  side  of  a  horse, 
and  was  equipped  with  a  white  bridle,  martingals,  and 
girtn,  a  fact  often  spoken  of  by  men  who  were  boys  at 
that  time.  This  brought  the  colt  into  some  little  no- 


14  ORANGE   COUNTY 

toriety,  which  arose,  perhaps,  more  from  the  style  of 
his  equipment  than  anything  else,  as  it  was  something 
novel  in  those  days  to  see  one  so  young  exhibited  in 
that  style  and  manner.  This  was  in  the  fall  of 
eighteen  hundred  and  forty-nine,  and  he  was  again 
shown  in  the  fall  of  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty,  at  the 
game  place  and  under  circumstances  equally  as  well 
calculated  to  attract  attention. 

In  the  spring  of  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-one,  we 
saw  him  again,  at  the  residence  of  his  owner,  and  so 
greatly  had  he  improved,  and  so  rapid  had  been  his 
growth,  that,  although  he  was  but  two  years  old,  he 
resembled  in  almost  every  particular  a  fully-developed 
horse. 

Mr.  Kysdykj  during  this  season,  allowed  him  to 
cover  four  mares,  as  appears  by  Mr.  R's.  books,  which 
we  have  been  kindly  permitted  to  inspect,  and  to 
which  we  are  indebted  for  much  of  the  information 
hereinafter  contained, 

He  got  three  colts  from  these  mares  (two  horses 
and  one  mare),  and  no  price  is  charged  for  the  services 


STUD    BOOK.  15 

upon  the  book,  an  omission,  however,  which  never 
thereafter  occurs.  One  of  these  colts  soon  thereafter 
came  into  the  hands  of  Major  J.  Seeley  Edsall,  of 
Goshen,  and  under  his  careful  handling  soon  proved 
himself  a  superior  horse. 

The  Major  kept  him  for  mares  four  years  at  Goshen, 
and  then  sold  him  to  Mr.  Alexander,  of  Kentucky ;  he 
however,  had  in  the  meantime  become  the  father  of 
the  filly  now  so  widely  known  throughout  this  country 
as  Goldsmith's  Maid.  We  might  mention  many  other 
"good  ones"  from  him,  but  for  the  present  must 
trace  the  history  of  his  sire. 

In  speaking  of  this — Hambletonian's  first  season — 
it  is  a  fact  worthy  of  remark,  that  a  very  large  per- 
centage of  his  progeny  thus  far  in  his  prolific  career 
have  been  males,  and  that  while  large  numbers  of 
them  have  from  time  to  time  covered  themselves  with 
glory  in  their  contests  upon  the  turf;  the  reputation  of 
the  old  horse  as  a  father  of  trotters  would  scarcely 
arise  above  mediocrity  were  it  entirely  dependant  upon 
the  exploits  of  his  daughters. 


16  OEA.NGE   COUNTY 

In  the  spring  of  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-two  he 
was  offered  for  service  to  a  limited  number  of  mares  at 
twenty-five  dollars  to  insure  a  colt.  While  we  cannot 
assert  that  the  practice  of  limiting  the  number  of 
mares  Ibo  be  served  during  the  season  was  inaugurated 
by  Mr.  Rysdyk  at  this  time,  yet  it  is  a  fact  which  can- 
not be  gainsayed,  that  his  example  has  been  rigidly 
followed  ever  since  by  the  owners  of  stallions  in  their 
advertisements  at  least.  During  this  season  he  served 
seventeen  mares  and  got  thirteen  colts.  In  the  fall  he 
was  taken  to  the  Island  to  be  trained  as  a  trotter,  and 
after  going  through  a  term  of  three  months  of  this 
kind  of  education,  he  returned  to  Chester,  without 
having  made  any  public  record  of  his  performance 
upon  the  turf.  Notwithstanding  the  assertion  of  the 
renowned  Hiram  Woodruff,  that  the  Abdallahs  could 
endure  more  early  training  than  almost  any  other 
breed  of  horses,  \ve  are  credibly  informed  that  this  son 
of  Abdallah  was  retired  from  the  turf  thus  early  in 
consequence  of  his  inability  to  withstand  its  severe 
^exactions. 


STUD   BOOK.  17 

In  the  spring  of  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty- three  he 
was  advertised  for  service.  His  full  pedigree  was 
given,  and  twenty-five  dollars  was  again  asked  to 
insure  a  colt. 

The  breeders  of  Orange  County,  at  this  early  day 
in  the  history  of  the  horse,  began  to  appreciate  his 
fine  qualities,  and  to  extend  to  him  a  liberal  patron- 
age, as  he  covered  during  this  season  one  hundred 
and  one  mares,  and  got  seventy-eight  colts.  His  sue-, 
cess  as  a  stock  horse  was  now  fully  assured,  and  with- 
out any  brilliant  performance  upon  the  turf,  or  any  of 
that  puffing  and  blowing  so  frequently  used  both  to 
create  and  perpetuate  the  reputation  of  stallions,  he 
entered  upon  a  career  never  equaled  in  the  annals  of 
horse-breeding.  In  the  spring  of  eighteen  hundred  and 
fifty-four  a  similar  advertisement  appeared,  with  the 
single  exception  that  the  price  was  raised  to  thirty- 
five  dollars.  Eighty-eight  mares  were  served,  and 
sixty-three  colts  were  paid  for.  In  eighteen  hundred 
and  fifty-five,  at  the  same  place  and  price,  he  served 
eighty-nine  mares,  and  sixty-four  colts  were  paid  for 


18  OKANGE    COUNTY 

In  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-six,  eighty-seven  mares 
and  sixty-four  colts.  In  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty- 
geven,  eighty-seven  mares  and  sixty-three  colts.  In 
eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-eight,  seventy-two  mares 
and  fifty-four  colts.  In  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty- 
nine,  ninety-five  mares  and  sixty-six  colts.  In  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty,  one  hundred  and  six  mares  and 
seventy-two  colts.  In  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
one,  ninety-eight  mares  and  sixty-eight  colts.  In 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two,  one  hundred  and 
fifty-eight  mares  and  one  hundred  and  eleven  colts 
were  paid  for.  During  these  preceding  nine  years  he 
stood  a  part  of  the  time  at  Goshen,  but  principally  at 
his  owner's  stable  in  Chester,  at  thirty-five  dollars  to 
insure. 

The  brilliant  performances  of  his  colts  upon  the  turf 
had  now  given  their  sire  a  national  reputation.  They 
were  in  great  demand,  and  commanded  high,  and  in 
many  instances,  exorbitant  prices ;  and  the  breeding 
of  trotters  received  a  new  and  greater  impetus  than 
ever  before  throughout  the  county.  A  new  road  to 


STUD   BOOK.  19 

fortune  and  wealth  was  opened,  and  many  a  farmer, 
into  whose  brain  the  idea  of  making  a  dollar  in  any 
other  way  than  by  the  production  of  milk  and  butter 
had  never  entered,  prompted  by  the  success  of  a 
neighbor,  turned  his  attention  to  breeding  horses,  and 
forthwith  concluded  "  to  put  the  old  mare." 

Mr.  Rysdyk,  taking  advantage  of  this  state  of 
affairs,  raised  his  price  for  the  services  of  Hamble- 
tonian  to  seventy-five  dollars,  at  which  price,  in  the 
season  of  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  he 
covered  one  hundred  and  fifty  mares,  and  got  ninety- 
two  colts.  The  next  season,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-four,  the  price  was  again  raised  to  one  hundred 
dollars.  Two  hundred  and  seventeen  mares  were 
covered,  and  one  hundred  and  forty-eight  colts  got. 
In  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five  the  price  was  raised 
to  three  hundred  dollars  to  insure,  one  hundred  dol- 
lars of  which  was  to  be  paid  at  the  time  of  service. 
During  this  season  one  hundred  and  ninety-three 
mares  were  served,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight 
colts  got.  The  following  season,  eighteen  hundred 


20  OKANGE    COUNTY 

and  sixty-six,  at  five  hundred  dollars,  one  hundred  of 
which  was  required  to  be  paid  down,  he  served  one 
hundred  and  five  mares,  and  got  seventy-five  colts.  In 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  he  served  seventy- 
seven  mares  and  got  forty-one  colts. 

As  might  reasonably  have  been  expected,  from  the 
polygamous  course  of  life  to  which  the  old  horse  had 
for  years  been  subjected,  his  physical  powers  became 
weakened,  and  during  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-eight  he  was  retired  from  the  stud,  and  covered 
no  mares.  Notwithstanding,  however,  the  prognosti- 
cations of  many  that  he  was  "  played  out,"  a  season's 
rest  had  a  highly  beneficial  effect  upon  him,  and  dur- 
ing the  following  season  he  served  twenty-one  mares 
and  got  fourteen  colts.  In  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy  he  served  twenty-two  mares  and  got  thirteen 
-colts.  In  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one  he  was 
limited  to  thirty  mares,  which  he  served,  and  from 
'which  he  got  twenty  colts,  having  left  some  seventy 
applicants  unserved  in  consequence  of  this  limitation. 
We  have  been  informed  by  Mr.  Geo.  Andrews,  under 


STUD   BOOK.  21 

management  and  direction  Hambletonian  now 
is,  that  for  the  coming  season  of  eighteen  hundred 
and  seventy  two  over  one  hundred  applications  have 
been  received,  from  which  number,  however,  but 
thirty  will  be  accepted.  Upon  a  recent  visit  to 
Chester,  the  old  horse  was  shown  to  us  by  his  very 
gentlemanly  manager.  Although  exhibiting  many  of 
the  indications  of  old  age,  as  a  matter  of  course,  yet 
his  eye  appeared  bright  and  undirnmed  by  years,  while 
his  coat  was  glossy ;  and  those  peculiar  points  which 
long  since  have  led  him  to  be  pronounced  the  "  King 
of  Horses,"  still  stand  out  in  bold  relief  While 
standing  in  his  majestic  presence,  and  remembering 

the  fact  that  he  was  the  iBire  of  twelve  hundred  and 

\ 
fifty  standing  colts,  that  they  or  their  progeny  were 

represented  in  almost  every  state  and  county  through- 
out the  United  States,  and  in  almost  every  country  in 
the  civilized  world,  and  that  upon  their  successful 
contests  upon  the  turf,  fortunes  had  been  won  again 
and  again,  we  could  not  but  respect  and  venerate  him. 
Although,  in  the  natural  course  of  events,  the  days  of 


22  ORANGE   COUNTY 

the  old  horse  will  soon  be  numbered,  yet,  upon  the 
undeniable  maxim  that  "like  begets  like,"  we  shall 
continue  to  produce  trotters  in  Orange  County  for 
years  to  come  which  will  maintain  our  proud  and  pre- 
eminent position  upon  the  turf. 

The  sons  and  grandsons  of  the  princely  old  horse 
are  yearly  begetting  colts  superior  to  themselves,  and 
with  our  present  knowledge  of  breeding  judiciously 
applied,  we  have  no  hesitation  in  asserting  that  the 
speed  of  trotting  horses  will  still  be  vastly  increased, 
and  that  the  future  Kings  and  Queens  of  the  turf  will 
hail  from  Orange  County. 


STUD    BOOK 


THE  SONS 


OF 


OLD  HAMBLETONIAN. 


In  view  of  the  length  of  time  in  which  Harable- 
tonian  has  been  at  the  stud,  and  of  the  vast  number 
of  colts  of  which,  during  that  time,  he  has  become  the 
sire — as  portrayed  by  the  preceding  article — it  cannot 
be  expected  that  we  Will  give  more  than  a  passing 
notice  of  a  few  of  the  many  celebrated  stallions  which 
have  sprung  from  his  loins ;  and  the  first  we  will 
mention  is — 

Alexander's  Harribletonian. 

This  horse — or  as  he  is  more  familiarly  known  in 
Orange  County — Edsall's  Hambletonian,  was,  as  we 
have  previously  remarked,  one  of  Hambletonian's 
first  get,  having  been  foaled  in  the  year  eighteen  hun- 


24  CHANGE    COUNTY 

dred  and  fifty-two,  out  of  a  mare  by  Bay  Roman,  he 
by  Mambrino,  and  he  by  Messenger. 

He  was  purchased,  when  qnite  young,  by  Major 
Edsall,  of  Goshen,  and  was  kept  by  him  until  eighteen 
hundred  and  fifty-nine,  when  he  was  sold  to  Mr. 
Alexander,  of  Lexington,  Kentucky,  During  the 
time  he  was  owned  by  Major  Edsall,  he  proved  him- 
self not  only  to  be  very  speedy,  but  also  one  of  the 
finest  stock  horses  ever  produced.  It  is  said  that, 
during  the  w  ar,  he  was  stolen  by  the  rebels,  and  that 
Alexander  offered  a  reward  of  one  thousand  dollars 
for  his  recovery.  Stimulated  by  this  liberal  reward, 
parties  immediately  set  out  for  his  recapture,  and  one 
of  the  pursuants,  mounted  upon  a  thorough-bred 
mare,  succeeded  in  overtaking  the  thief,  when  a  con- 
flict with  arms  commenced,  during  which  the  stallion 
was  unfortunately  accidentally  shot.  He  was  returned 
to  his  owner,  and  the  reward  paid ;  but,  either  from 
the  effects  of  the  wound,  or  from  over-exertron,  he 
died  very  soon  thereafter.  He  was  the  sire  of  Gold- 
smith's Maid,  now  the  acknowledged  Queen  of  the 


STUD   BOOK.  25 

Turf;  of  Major  Edsall,  a  very  fast  stallion ;  and  of 
many  other  good  ones  not  so  well  known ;  indeed,  it 
is  almost  the  universal  opinion  of  the  experienced 
horsemen  of  the  county,  that  had  he  remained  therein 
he  would  long  ere  this  have  acquired  a  reputation  as 
a  stock  horse  not  even  second  to  his  sire. 

Edward  Everett, 

(Formerly  Major  Winfield),  has  recently,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  achievements  of  his  colts,  greatly 
distinguished  himself  as  a  stock  horse.  His  dam  is 
said  to  have  been  by  imported  Margrave,  and  was 
formerly  owned  and  used  under  the  saddle  by  the  Hon. 
Thomas  George,  of  this  county.  He  bred  her  to 
Hambletonian ;  and,  although  recognizing  the  superior 
qualities  of  his  mare,  yet,  for  some  reason,  he  gave 
the  colt  to  Sheriff  Lillum,  upon  condition  that  he 
would  keep  the  mare  until  the  colt  was  weaned.  In 
connection  with  this  fact,  it  may  be  mentioned,  that 
Judge  George  bought  one  of  Everett's  sons,  which 


26  ORANGE   COUNTY 

has  since  become  noted,  viz.,  Mountain  Boy,  when 
four  years  old  ;  but  as  this  horse  at  that  time  showed 
nothing  very  promising,  to  say  the  least,  he  sold  him 
to  Esquire  Bingham,  soon  after,  for  one  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars. 

Everett  is  also  the  sire  of  Judge  Fullerton  and  Joe 
Elliott,  who  are  of  themselves  enough  to  demonstrate 
the  great  value  of  their  sire.  He  was  purchased  by 
Robert  Bonner,  for  twenty  thousand  dollars,  and  is 
now  standing  at  the  Lagrange  Farm,  in  this  county, 
under  the  management  of  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Keetch. 

Volunteer. 

While  the  success  of  a  stallion,  either  as  a  trotter 
or  as  a  stock  producer,  must  depend  very  much  upon 
his  own  intrinsic  merits,  yet,  in  both  of  these  particu- 
lars, much  also  depends  upon  his  management  and  the 
care  and  treatment  which  he*  receives  at  the  hands  or 
by  the  direction  of  his  owner.  In  this  particular, 
Volunteer  has  been  extremely  fortunate.  His  owner, 


STUD    BOOK.  27 

Mr.  Alden  Goldsmith,  is  one  of  the  most  intelligent 
and  practical  breeders  in  the  county,  and,  indeed,  may 
justly  be  considered  the  pioneer  breeder  of  trotters 
therein.  His  great  experience  and  sound  judgment 
has  led  him  to  adopt  a  judicious  system  of  crossing 
this  horse  with  mares  of  his  own,  the  results  of  which 
have  of  themselves  established  a  reputation  for  the 
horse  which  is  exceedingly  enviable.  His  dam  was  by 
Young  Patriot,  a  descendant  of  Messenger ;  and  his 
colts  are  generally  very  good  sized,  strong  and  hand- 
some. 

Among  the  speedy  ones,  we  may  mention  Hamlet, 
W.  H.  Allen,  Huntress,  and  Bodine ;  while  we  under- 
stand that  a  Whirlwind  will  soon  appear  upon  the 
turf  which  will  astonish  the  world. 

Middletown. 

Recent  exploits  of  the  colts  of  this  horse  have 
greatly  increased  his  popularity  as  a  breeder,  and  have 
placed  him  in  the  foremost  rank  of  stallions,  some 
horsemen  even  predicting  that  he  is  the  "coming 


$8  GRANGE   COUNTY 

stock  horse."  He  is  out  of  a  mare  by  American 
Eclipse,  a  grandson  of  Messenger,  and  thus  has  a 
combination  of  the  very  best  strains  of  the  Messenger 
blood. 

Although  his  colts  are  quite  young,  yet  one  of  them 
— Music,  owned  by  that  expert  horseman  and  judicious 
trainer,  William  Trimble,  of  Newburgh — a  four-year- 
old,  out  of  a  second  Star  mare,  has  shown  herself  to 
be  extremely  fast  upon  several  occasions. 

Middletown  has  been  absent  from  the  county  for 
several  months,  but  we  are  glad  to  learn  that  he  will 
make  the  coming  season  at  Middletown,  and  we 
doubt  not  but  that  many  of  our  breeders  will  avail 
themselves  of  his  services. 

Happy  Medium. 

The  mother  of  this  stallion  was  the  renowned 
Princess,  that  so  frequently  and  so  gamely  disputed 
the  supremacy  of  the  turf  with  Flora  Temple,  which 
is  probably  all  the  encomium  he  needs  at  our  hands. 


STUD   BOOK.  £9 

He  was  sold  last  season  by  Mr.  Fowler  Galloway,  to 
parties  in  Philadelphia,  for  a  large  price;  yet  the 
investment  will  undoubtedly  be  exceedingly  profitable 
to  his  present  owners,  as  we  understood  he  afterwards 
covered  one  hundred  mares  at  one  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  for  the  season.  Mr.  J.  S.  Edsall,  who  has  been 
the  fortunate  owner  of  some  of  the  very  best  stock 
ever  produced  in  the  county,  has  a  very  fine  bay 
stallion  by  him,  out  of  a  Black  Hawk  mare. 

Idol. 

Mr.  Backman,  the  owner  of  this  fine  young  horse, 
is  the  most  extensive  breeder  of  trotters  in  the  world. 
And  inasmuch  as,  since  the  establishment  of  his  large 
business  at  Stonyford,  he  has  almost  monopolized  the 
services  of  Old  Hambletonian  and  consequently  has 
become  the  owner  of  a  large  number  of  his  colts,  it 
will  not  be  within  the  scope  of  our  little  volume  to 
give  a  detailed  description  of  the  many  which  are 
worthy  thereof.  We  have  selected  Idol,  not  only  as  our 
favorite,  but  as  the  recognized  head  of  his  stud,  to  fill 


80  ORANGE   COUNTY 

the  small  space  we  have  to  spare.  He  is  one  of  the 
best  proportioned  animals  in  the  county — handsome, 
intelligent,  with  fine  limbs  and  gait.  He  is  out  of  a 
mare  by  Harry  Clay ;  second  dam  said  to  be  by  Terror. 
Although  Mr.  Backman  may  have  evidence  sufficient 
to  prove  the  latter  fact,  yet,  notwithstanding,  we  have 
known  this  grandam  for  years,  and  always  believed, 
from  her  appearance,  that  she  was  well  bred;  it  was 
never  discovered  that  she  had  the  pedigree  now  claimed 
for  her,  until  after  she  became  the  property  of  Mr.  Back- 
man. The  dam  of  Idol  was  bred  by  Lewis  Tuthill,  of 
Union ville,  and  was  sold  by  him  when  she  was  three 
years  old  for  one  hundred  dollars. 

Since  that  time,  colts  have  been  raised  from  her  of 
sufficient  value  to  amount  to  one  or  two  very  fine 
fortunes.  The  objection  will  undoubtedly  be  raised 
by  some  that  Idol  has  Clay  blood  in  his  veins,  and 
that  his  value  is  thereby  considerably  decreased. 
Permit  us,  however,  to  remark  just  here,  that,  while 
we  are  willing  to  acknowledge  that  the  Clays  as 
trotters  have  not  proved  a  success,  we  nevertheless 


STUD   BOOK.  81 

consider  the  mares  of  this  breed  of  great  value  as 
breeders.  They  are  natural  trotters,  with  splendid 
action  and  lots  of  speed,  but  have  generally  developed 
a  "  soft  spot," — in  other  words,  are  deficient  in  staying 
qualities.  This  single  defect,  we  have  no  doubt,  will 
be  remedied  by  judicious  crossing;  and  we  confidently 
predict,  that  the  time  is  not  far  distant,  when  these 
mares  will  be  almost,  if  not  quite,  as  highly  prized  for 
breeders  as  the  Stars. 

Idol's  colts  are  very  promising ;  and  we  feel  confi- 
dent that,  as  soon  as  they  acquire  sufficient  age,  will 
duly  honor  their  parentage. 

Sayer's  Guy  Miller. 

This  horse  was  bred  by  Mr.  Richard  Sears,  of 
Orange  County  (now  deceased),  who  lived  on  a  large 
farm  some  three  miles  south  from  the  Village  of 
Goshen,  and  had  given  much  time  and  attention  to  the 
breeding  of  fine  horses,  and  would  undoubtedly  have 
realized  his  highest  anticipations  could  he  have  lived 


32  ORANGE    COUNTY 

to  see  the  progeny  of  Guy  Miller  in  its  present  stage 
of  development.  Sayer's  Guy  Miller  was  foaled  in  the 
spring  of  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  &&d  was 
purchased  by  Mr.  Daniel  Sayer,  of  Unionville,  Orange 
-County,  N.  Y.,  at  the  public  sale  of  Mr.  Sears'  estate, 
in  the  spring  of  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five,  for 
the  sum  of  eleven  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  This 
iiorse  was  sired  by  Galloway's  Guy  Millei,  and  he  by 
Hambletonian.  The  dam  of  Sayer's  Guy  Miller  was 
Sharpless  Abdallah,  by  Old  Abdallah ;  gran  dam,  by 
One-Eyed  Hunter,  the  sire  of  Flora  Temple :  inherit- 
ing the  Messenger  blood  from  both  sire  and  dam.  He 
took  the  first  premium,  awarded  to  colts  of  his  class, 
for  trotting,  in  Orange  County,  at  the  successive  ages 
*of  three,  four,  and  five  years :  he  also  took  the  first 
premium  at  the  Agricultural  Fair,  when  competing 
with  some  half-dozen  of  the  first  of  Hambletonian' s 
.colts,  as  being  the  best  stallion  in  Orange  County.  Mr. 
Sayer  has  bred  his  horse  to  a  fine  Harry  Clay  mare  of 
his  with  remarkable  success.  He  sold  her  first  colt, 
>"  Tom  Sayers,"  a  three-year-old,  in  the  fall  of  eighteen 


STUD    BOOK. 

hundred  and  seventy,  to  Budd  Doble,  for  two  thousand 
five  hundred  dollars,  at  the  time  of  his  winning  the 
three-year-old  stake  at  Middletown,  in  2  m.  and  56  s., 
being  the  same  time  made  by  his  sire,  at  the  same  age. 
A  like  sum  has  been  offered  for  her  second  colt,  and 
refused.  This  horse  has  served  mares  only  at  his 
owner's  stable,  and  at  the  moderate  price  of  fifty 
dollars  to  insure.  He  served,  during  the  season  of 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- one,  one  hundred  and 
fourteen  mares,  proving  himself  a  sure  foal  getter,  aa 
well  as  a  source  of  great  profit  to  his  owner. 

More  fortunately  in  the  horse  than  in  human  kind 
a  noble  sire  more  certainly  transmits  his  estimable 
qualities  to  his  posterity ;  and  while  the  human  kind 
may  bask  in  the  sunshine  of  ancestral  glory,  enjoy  a 
secondary  fame  by  keeping  himself  obscured  iu  the 
paternal  shadow,  or  claim  for  himself  the  undeserved 
merits  of  a  family  name,  and  with  diplomatic  skill  and 
through  artful  devices  bear  off  the  laurels  belonging 
to  others ;  the  horse  kind,  before  his  claims  to  celebrity 

md   fame   are   considered,  must  produce  the  double* 
c 


34  ORANGE    COUNTY 

assurance  of,  first,  his  family  record,  and  secondly,  his 
ability  to  perform  or  surpass  what  his  ancestors  have 
done  before  him.  Without  ascribing  to  ourselves  the 
power  to  unveil  the  future,  even  to  the  extent  of  one 
day's  fair  or  foul  weather,  yet,  with  a  knowledge  of 
facts  before  us  concerning  this  same  Guy  Miller,  his 
noble  and  enduring  qualities  and  many  points  of 
excellence,  we  predict  for  him,  as  a  getter  of  trotters, 
a  position  second  to  none  among  horses,  in  this 
ctnantry. 


BOOK. 


AMERICAN  STAR 

Was  a  sorrel  horse,  with  star  and  snip  in  forehead, 
two  white  feet  behind,  above  the  pasterns,  and  ubout 
fifteen  hands  high. 

PEDIGREE. 

American  Star  was  sired  by  American  Star,  he  by 
Cock  of  the  Rock,  he  by  Durock,  and  he  by  Romp ; 
Romp  by  imported  Messenger.  His  dam  was  by  the 
racehorse,  Henry  ;  grandam  by  Messenger. 

That  his  dam  and  grandam  were  both  thorough- 
breds there  is  no  doubt.  His  pedigree  we  shall  try  to 
prove,  together  with  his  history.  For  the  last  five 
years,  the  pedigree  of  the  celebrated  horse,  American 
Star,  has  been  a  subject  of  much  controversy,  so  much 
so,  that  we  have  taken  much  time  and  trouble  to 
famish  a  correct  history  of  him.  The  great  value 


86  ORANGE    COUNTY 

attaching  to  the  progeny  of  this  horse,  in  the  firsthand 
second  generations,  makes  it  of  the  utmost  import- 
ance that  breeders  should  have  exact  and  reliable 
information  as  to  the  blood  he  possessed.  Fortunately, 
hi  our  travels  through  Orange,  Ulster,  and  Columbia 
Counties,  in  New  York,  and  through  a  greater  part 
of  New  Jersey ;  we  think  we  shall  be  able,  clearly 
and  unmistakably,  to  give  a  correct  and  reliable 
pedigree  and  history  of  the  horse,  American  Star ;  and 
supply  every  link  in  the  chain  from  the  day  he  was 
foaled,  the  property  of  Henry  H.  Berry,  Esq.,  of 
Pompton  Plains,  Morris  County,  New  Jersey,  in 
June,  eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-seven,  until  he 
died,  the  property  of  Theodore  Dusenberry,  of  Goshen, 
in  February,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one.  Henry 
H.  Berry  sought  this  horse  while  owned  by  Edmond 
Seeley  and  Hiram  Smith,  and  recognized  him  at  once 
as  the  same  horse  owned  and  raised  by  him  till  he  was 
seven  years  of  age.  This  Mr.  Berry  told  us ;  which, 
we  claim,  connects  the  last  link  with  the  first ;  and  we 
simply  mention  this  because  Uncle  Edmond  did  not 


STUD    BOOK.  37 

give  him  the  same  pedigree.  He  claimed  his  dam  was 
a  Canuck,  or  Canada  mare;  therefore,  some  claimed 
he  was  not  the  horse  raised  by  Mr.  Berry,  His  lasting 
qualities,  not  only  with  him,  bat  with  his  progeny^ 
should  be  a  proof  most  manifest,  that  his  mother  was 
no  Canuck.  Being  a  personal  friend  of  Henry  H. 
Berry,  we  shall,  as  briefly  as  possible,  give  his  own 
words  as  he  told  us  in  a  conversation  we  had  with  him 
on  this  subject.  In  the  fall  of  eighteen  hundred  and 
thirty-four,  Mr.  Berry  was  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
and  a  particular  friend  of  his — Joseph  Genung — urged 
him  to  buy  a  very  fine  mare  for  breeding  purposes  that 
a  friend  of  his  owned  on  Long  Island,  and,  on  account 
of  being  badly  used  and  driven  on  the  hard  roads,  her 
feet  had  given  out  and  she  was  offered  cheap.  Mr. 
Barry  declined  to  buy  her  at  any  price,  as  he  had 
horses  enough. 

Mr.  Genung  said  her  blood  made  her  especially 
valuable  for  breeding  purposes,  as  she  was  by  the 
race-horse  Henry,  and  out  of  a  mare  sired  by  Messen- 
ger. The  next  spring,  Mr.  Berry  was  in  the  city,  and 


38  ORANGE    COUNTY 

found  that  his  friend  Genung  had  bought  the  mare 
himself;  and  when  he  came  to  see  her,  he  liked  her  so 
well  that  he  did  not  hesitate  a  moment  in  making  her 
his  own.  This  was  in  the  spring  of  eighteen  hundred 
and  thirty-five,  and  Mr.  Berry  owned  and  lived  on  a 
large  and  beautiful  farm  on  Pompton  Plains.  New 
Jersey.  At  the  time  he  bought  this  mare,  she  was  a 
beautiful  bay  animal,  somewhat  advanced  in  years, 
sixteen  hands  high,  with  a  star  and  snip  in  forehead, 
and  both  hind  feet  white  above  the  ankles — a  smooth 
and  handsome  mare,  with  a  good  set  of  limbs,  but  bad 
feet.  Mr.  Genung  was  a  bachelor,  and  boarded  many 
years  in  the  family  of  Mr,  Berry's  brother,  in  the  city, 
but  died  soon  after  he  sold  this  mare,  and  thus  all 
hopes  of  tracing  her  pedigree  more  definitely  were 
cut  off. 

That  she  was  by  Henry,  and  a  Messenger  mare, 
there  cannot  be  a  shadow  of  doubt.  Mr.  Berry  thinks 
she  was  a  thoroughbred.  Mr.  Ira  Coburn,  of  New 
York,  owned  a  horse  called  American  Star.  He  was 
a  bay  horse,  with  star  in  forehead,  fifteen  hands  high, 


8TUD    BOOK.      .  89 

as  round  as  a  rope,  with  a  good  set  of  limbs,  pleasant 
disposition,  and  could  trot  very  fast;  but  left  no  record, 
as  he  was  used  afterwards  only  as  a  gentleman's  road 
horse.  But,  without  getting  ahead  of  Mr.  Berry's 
history,  we  must  give  it  as  we  received  it  irom  him 
This  horse  was  sent  by  Mr.  Coburn,  in  the  spring  of 
eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-five,  to  John  Hiker's 
tavern,  near  Little  Falls,  Passaic  County,  New  Jersey, 
in  charge  of  Nicholas  Smalley,  to  serve  a  limited 
number  of  mares.  Mr.  Berry  bred  this  Henry  mare, 
but  she  failed  to  get  in  foal.  The  next  season,  Mr. 
Coburn  sent  the  horse  to  the  same  place,  but  in  charge 
of  another  groom,  who  neglected  and  treated  him  so 
badly  that  Mr.  Riker  sent  word  to  the  owner  that  he 
had  better  take  him  away.  The  advice  was  followed, 
and  the  horse  returned  to  New  York.  Very  naturally, 
Mr.  Coburn  became  heartily  disgusted  with  the  stallion 
business,  and  meeting  Mr.  Berry  a  few  days  afterwards 
urged  him  to  take  the  horse  home  with  him,  breed 
him  to  as  many  mares  as  he  liked,  and  then  castrate 
him — an  operation,  at  that  time,  in  the  whole  country, 


40  ORANGE    COUNTY 

performed  only  by  Mr.  Berry.  This  was  in  eighteen 
hundred  and  thirty-six,  that  Mr.  Berry  took  the  horse 
with  him,  bred  him  to  his  Henry  mare,  then  carried 
out  the  instructions  of  his  owner.  This  mare  proved 
in  foal,  and  dropped  this  colt  in  June,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  thirty-seven,  which  became  so  famous  in 
Orange  County,  under  the  name  of  his  sire,  American 
Star.  Mr.  Berry  says  he  was  disappointed  with  his 
colt  on  its  first  appearance,  both  in  color  and  size. 
However,  the  colt  received  but  little  care  or  attention — 
took  it  as  he  could  catch  it — hardly  ever  under  a  shelter 
until  three  years  of  age,  when  he  was  taken  out  of  the 
barnyard  and  broken  to  harness.  There  was  nothing 
handsome  or  stylish  about  him,  but  he  had  a  great 
deal  of  speed.  Mr.  Berry  ran  him  a  great  many 
quarter  and  half-mile  races,  and  never  had  him  beaten. 
At  five  years  of  age  he  served  mares  at  most  any 
price,  and  was  driven  to  a  butcher  wagon.  He  then 
began  to  show  a  fine  trotting  step.  This  was  in 
eighteen  hundred  and  forty-two ;  and  the  next  season 
he  received  about  the  same  treatment,  and  could  out- 


STUD   BOOK.  41 

trot  any  horse  in  the  whole  country,  and  hanl  that 
butcher- wagon  after  him.  Mr.  Berry  often  made  the 
remark,  that  he  had  the  most  bottom  and  best  game 
of  any  horse  he  ever  saw.  In  the  spring  of  eighteen 
hundred  and  forty -four,  he  was  fixed  up  a  little,  and 
advertised  to  stand  for  mares  at  New  Milford  and 
Warwick,  Orange  County,  N.  Y. ;  to  insure  a  mare  in 
foal  for  seven  dollars ;  pedigree  given  in  full ;  and  war- 
ranted to  haul  a  wagon  on  the  road  a  mile  in  three 
minutes.  From  some  cause  he  served  but  very  few 
mares — in  Warwick,  we  think  not  any.  In  August  of 
the  same  season  (eighteen  hundred  and  forty-four), 
Mr.  Berry  sold  him  to  Mr.  John  Blauvelt,  a  silver- 
smith in  New  York  City,  for  three  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars,  and  a  set  of  single  harness.  Mr.  Blauvelt  used 
him  for  a  road  horse,  and,  as  he  says,  the  best  he  ever 
rode  behind,  for  pluck,  bottom,  and  speed;  but  the 
hard  roads  and  hard  drives  soon  showed  the  weak 
points  of  his  dam — his  feet  giving  out,  and  quarter- 
cracks  making  their  appearance,  he  was  sent  up  to 
Mr.  Berry,  to  be  wintered  and  cured.  The  next 


42  ORANGE    COUNTY 

spring  he  came  out  all  right ;  but  Mr.  Blauvelt, 
apprehending  that  again  the  same  cause  might  produce 
the  same  effect,  traded  him  off  to  Cyrus  Dubois,  of 
Ulster  County,  New  York,  for  a  grey  gelding,  at  one 
time  owned  by  Sheriff  Westbrook  of  that  county, 
Dubois  had  a  partner,  William  Burr,  a  horseman,  now 
of  Hoboken.  What  time  Dubois  owned  him,  we  can- 
not ascertain  ;  but  he  stood  the  horse  a  part  of  the  time 
in  Orange  County.  Dubois  traded  him  to  Jas.  Storm, 
of  Hudson,  for  a  bay  mare ;  and  after  a  few  days, 
Storm  sold  him  to  Walter  Shafer,  of  Hillsdale,  Colum- 
bia County,  New  York ;  who  kept  him  one  or  two 
seasons,  then  sold  him  to  Edmond  Seeley  and  Hiram 
Smith,  of  Goshen,  for  seven  hundred  and  fifty  dollars. 
This  was  in  the  fall  of  eighteen  hundred  and  forty- 
nine,  and  in  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty  he  stood  for 
mares  in  Goshen,  and  served  fifty-four  mares  and  got 
forty  five  colts,  at  fifteen  dollars  per  colt.  One  of 
these  colts  we  well  remember  He  was  called  the 
Randall  colt ;  and,  we  are  very  credibly  informed,  will 
make  a  season  in  this  county  this  year,  under  the  name 


STTTP    BOOK-  43 

of  his  sire,  American  Star,  He  has  a  fast  record.  In 
eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-one,  he  (old  Star)  made  the 
season  in  Goshen,  at  ten  dollars  to  insure — served 
eighty- seven  mares,  and  got  sixty-three  colts.  In 
eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-two,  at  the  same  place  and 
same  price,  served  ninety-two  mares  and  got  sixty-two 
colts.  In  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-three,  same  place 
and  same  price,  served  forty-nine  mares  and  got 
thirty-five  colts.  That  iall  he  was  taken  to  Elmira, 
Chemuug-  County,  New  York,  and  trotted  a  race 
against  Jupiter.  It  was  a  well-contested  race,  Star 
winning  the  sixth  heat  and  race,  in  2.45.  In  eighteen 
hundred  and  fifty-four,  the  next  spring,  he  was  taken 
back  to  Elmira  and  stood  for  mares,  served  twenty, 
and  got  fifteen  colts,  at  twenty  dollars  per  colt.  All 
these  colts  were  mare  colts.  A  very  large  majority  of 
his  get  were  mares,  a  fact  often  spoken  of  by  those 
who  knew.  In  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-five  he 
went  to  Piermont,  Rockland  County,  and  served  fifty 
mares  and  got  thirty-five  colts,  at  twenty  dollars.  In 
eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-six  he  went  to  Mandata, 


44  ORANGE    COUNTY 

Illinois,  and  served  thirty  mares  and  got  twenty  colts,, 
at  twenty  dollars.  In  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-seven 
he  again  stood  in  Goshen,  and  served  sixty-four  mares 
and  got  fifty-three  colts,  at  twenty  dollars.  In  eighteen 
hundred  and  fifty-eight  he  made  the  season  in  Goshen, 
served  fifty-five  mares,  and  got  forty-five  colts,  at 
twenty  dollars.  Up  to  this  time  the  horse  had  been 
owned  by  Edmbnd  Seeley  and  Hiram  Smith,  but 
principally  under  the  control  of  Uncle  Edmond,  as  we 
all  called  him.  In  the  fall  or  winter  of  eighteen 
hundred  and  fifty-eight,  Hiram  Smith  having  found 
*  some  little  fault  with  the  care  and  treatment  the  old 
horse  was  receiving,  Uncle  Edmond  says,  "Here  is 
five  dollars,  which  I  will  give  you  to  say  what  you  will 
give  or  take."  The  proposition  was  acceded  to,  and 
Uncle  Edmond  became  sole  owner  of  the  horse,  very 
unfortunately  too,  for  him;  for  could  Hiram  Smith 
have  become  sole  owner  of  him,  even  at  that  time  and 
age,  he  would  have  been  a  source  of  great  profit  to 
his  owner,  and  would  have  received  that  care  and 
attention  that  a  horse  of  his  age  most  needs ;  for  it  is 


STUD   BOOK.  45 

&  fact,  none  could  equal  Hiram  Smith  in  nursing  and 
taking  care  of  a  horse.  Another  reason  why  he  would 
have  been  a  source  of  profit  is,  the  horse  had  just 
began  to  be  appreciated,  and  would,  as  we  think,  in 
Hiram  Smith's  hands  have  served  mares  for  five  years, 
and  for  three  of  those  years  would  have  been  patro- 
nized at  the  snug  sum  of  five  hundred  dollars  as  the 
price  of  service.  As  it  was,  Edmond^  Seeley  owned 
him,  and  the  horse  soon  began  to  manifest  he  had  lost 
a  friend.  Uncle  Edmond,  with  all  his  good  social 
qualities,  was  a  poor  owner  for  a  horse,  and  especially 
for  a  horse  of  this  horse's  age.  However,  in  the 
spring  of  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-nine,  American 
Star  stood  for  service  at  his  owner's  stable  in  Goshen, 
at  twenty-five  dollars  to  insure,  and  served  seventy- 
one  mares  and  got  forty-three  colts.  In  the  spring  of 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty,  he  again  stood  in  the 
same  stable ;  but  with  all  of  Uncle  Edmond's  ingenuity 
— in  digging  pits  for  mares  to  stand  in — he  failed  to 
serve  a  quarter  of  the  mares  offered ;  yet  he  got  ten 
colts  at  twenty-five  dollars.  The  same  fell,  Uncle 


46  ORANGE    COUNTY 

Edmond  gave  him  away  to  Theodore  Dusenberry,  who 
took  him  on  the  farm  of  Hudson  Duryea,  near  Goshen, 
where,  out  in  a  field,  in  February,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty-one,  he  died.  His  last  set  were  foaled  in 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one :  and  we  simply  men- 
tion this  from  the  fact  that  many  are  offering  to  sell 
Star  Mares  foaled  in  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one. 
And  that  none  may  be  deceived,  we  will  state  that  Uncle 
Edmond  owned  and  had  a  colt  sired  by  Star,  called 
"  SIK  HENRY,"  who  made  the  same  season  at  the  same 
stable,  but  at  a  much  less  price  for  service.  This  may 
be  substantiated  by  any  one  calling  on  John  Smith,  in. 
Goshen,  who  holds  the  books  of  the  ten  years'  service 
under  Uncle  Edmond  Seeley,  and  eight  years  of  the 
time  his  father  Hiram  Smith  being  a  partner.  AMERI- 
CAN STAR  passed  through  many  hands,  was  generally 
neglected  and  ill  treated ;  trotted  in  his  day,  many 
races,  principally  on  the  road  or  ice,  consequently  left 
no  very  fast  record.  No  horse  ever  lived  that  more 
certainly  stamped  upon  his  offspring  his  own  charac- 
teristics of  gait,  disposition  sod  bottom,  than  did  American 


BTDD    BOOK.  47 

Star.  Of  his  get,  you  will  find  a  large  percentage 
mares;  and  many  of  them  may  be  found  on  the 
breeding  farms  of  Orange  County,  highly  appreciated 
by  their  owners ;  and  well  may  be,  for  they  are  the 
mothers  of  the  fastest  trotters  in  the  world. 

Of  his  horse  colts  but  a  few  were  kept  as  stallions. 
The  Randall  colt,  as  he  was  called,  and  we  have  before 
spoken  of,  was  foaled  in  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty- 
one,  is  a  trotter,  and  a  getter  of  trotters.  Magnolia, 
Sir  Henry,  and  Monitor,  all  good  stallions  by  Star,  have 
been  taken  out  of  the  county. 


48  ORANGE   COUMTT 


BREEDING 


AM) 


MANAGEMENT  OF  COLTS. 


BREEDING. 

That  a  proper  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  breeding  is 
a  matter  of  primary  and  vast  importance,  is  a  gene- 
rally admitted  fact,  and  requires  no  argument  to 
prove,  as  it  is  only  by  this  means  we  can  maintain  tho 
present  qualities  of  our  improved  breeds,  and  prevent 
the  race  from  degenerating,  and  c-oi-rect  and  improve 
their  imperfections.  And  it  is  equally  true  that  there 
are  many  erroneous  views  entertained  and  practiced 
by  many  of  our  farmers.  No  person  should  attempt 
breeding,  particularly  the  horse,  without  first  making 
it  a  matter  of  investigation,  patient  study,  and  inquiry. 
The  first  axiom  we  would  lay  down,  says  Youatt,  is. 


STUD   BOOK. 

that  like  will  produce  like,  that  the  progeny  will 
inherit  the  general  or  mingled  qualities  of  the  parents. 
There  are  but  few  diseases  by  which  either  of  the 
parents  are  affected  that  the  foal  does  not  inherit  or 
show  a  predisposition  to.  Broken  wind,  spavins,  ring- 
bones, founders,  blindness,  roaring  and  the  like,  are 
transmissible,  there  can  be  no  question,  not  excepting 
ill-usage  and  hard  work.  These  blemishes  may  not 
appear  in  the  immediate  progeny,  but  will  in  the  next 
or  more  distant  generation.  From  this  arises  the 
necessity  of  some  knowledge  of  both  the  sire  and  the 
dam.  The  most  careless  breeders  have  observed 
qualities  appearing  in  their  stock  that  belonged  to 
neither  sire  nor  dam,  but  which  belonged  to  their 
ancestry  further  back ;  such  as  vicious  temper,  some 
peculiar  mark,  white  face  or  feet.  Not  only  are  dis- 
eases inherited  by  the  offspring,  but  the  form,  spirit, 
constitution,  and  temper.  *This  maxim,  however, 
that  "  like  begets  like,"  is  only  true  in  part,  as  there 
is  a  constant  tendency  to  change,  arising  from  differ- 

•D.  J.  Bowne,  in  Patent  Office  Official  Report,  1854. 
D 


60  ORANGE   COUNTY 

ence  in  food.  Change  of  climate,  or  other  physical 
conditions  to  which  they  might  be  exposed,  might 
naturally  be  expected  to  produce  considerable  corre- 
sponding modifications  in  the  lorm,  size,  color,  and 
coating  of  animals;  as  it  is  well  known  that  cattle 
generally  become  very  large  and  fat  when  reared  for 
many  generations  on  moist,  rich  soils,  where  good 
pasturage  abounds,  but  are  distinguished  by  the  short- 
ness of  their  legs ;  while  on  drier  situations,  where 
the  herbage  is  sparse,  their  whole  bulk  is  less,  and 
their  limbs  more  muscular  and  strong,  A  country  of 
heaths,  or  of  other  innutritions  plants,  will  not  produce 
a  horse  so  large  nor  so  strong  as  one  of  plentiful 
herbage,  as  is  manifested  between  those  reared  on 
bleak  mountains  and  fertile  plains,  high  latitudes  and 
more  temperate  climes,  sandy  deserts  and  watered 
vales.  A  change  of  situation  in  the  one  case,  after  a 
succession  of  generations,  not  only  diminishes  the  size 
of  the  animal,  but  affects  the  character  and  form  of  his 
body,  head,  and  limbs.  Thus,  if  a  London  dray  horse 
be  conveyed  to  Arabia,  and  subjected  to  the  same 


STDI>   BOOK.  51 

influences  to  which  the  native  breed  of  that  country  is 
exposed,  in  the  course  of  some  generations  he  will 
present  the  leading  characters  of  the  Arabian  horse. 
On  the  contrary,  if  the  race  thus  changed  be  conveyed 
again  to  England,  in  the  course  of  several  generations 
it  will  gradually  acquire  the  properties  it  formerly 
possessed.  This  fact  would  seem  to  prove  that  the 
Arabian  horse  cannot  exist  in  perfection  in  any  of  the 
northern  or  western  countries  of  Europe ;  and  that  the 
humidity  of  the  climate,  and  the  influence  indirectly 
arising  from  that  cause,  are  the  principal  reasons  of 
this  change.  Similar  instances  might  be  given  in 
reference  to  the  changes  which  have  been  observed  in 
the  sheep,  the  goat,  and  the  hog.  The  former,  when 
subjected  to  the  climate  of  the  West  Indies,  from 
Thibet,  Spain,  or  Vermont,  where  their  fleeces  are 
fine,  delicate,  and  soft,  after  a  few  years,  are  entirely 
covered  with  rough,  coarse  hair,  resembling  that  of 
the  goat 

Breeding  should  be  conducted  with  some  definite 
object  in  view.     There  is  no  greater  error  than  the 


52  ORANGE   COUNTY 

common  remark  of  some  farmers,  of  some  wretched, 
under-sized,  ewe-necked,  cat-hammer  wreck  of  a  mare, 
broken-winded,  ring-boned,  and  spavined,  "  Oh,  she 
will  do  to  raise  a  colt  out  of!"  She  will  do !  but  what 
will  the  colt  be?  It  will  not  be  worth  the  mare's 
grass,  let  alone  the  price  of  the  stallion's  service.  But 
it  is  a  good  feature  that  there  is  a  growing  anxiety 
among  farmers  to  raise  valuable  stock.  This  is  attribu- 
table to  the  fact,  that  it  is  not  only  as  cheap  to  keep  a 
good  horse  as  a  bad  one,  but  in  reality  it  is  much 
cheaper.  The  prime  cost  is  the  only  difference  to  be 
considered ;  the  cost  of  stable-room,  keep  and  care,  is 
identical ;  while  the  wear  and  tear  is  infinitely  less  in 
the  sound,  able,  useful  animal,  than  in  the  broken  jade. 
The  work  which  can  be  done,  and  the  value  earned  by 
the  one,  is  in  no  possible  relation  to  that  of  the  other. 
The  horse  bought  at  the  age  of  four  years  at  three 
hundred  dollars,  when  he  has  attained  the  age  of  eight, 
is  worth  twice  the  money,  either  for  work  or  for  sale, 
to  the  horse  that  was  bought  for  a  third  of  that  price, 
when  he  has  attained  the  same  age. 


STUD    BOOK.  53 

What  is  called  breed  in  horses,  consists  in  the 
superior  organization  of  the  nervous  and  thoracic 
organs,  as  compared  with  the  abdominal;  the  chest  is 
deeper  and  more  capacious  ;  and  the  brain  and  nerves 
more  highly  developed,  -  more  air  is  respired,  more 
blood  purified,  more  nervous  energy  expended.  Whilst 
the  heavy  cart-horse  may  be  considered  to  possess  the 
lymphatic  temperament,  the  blood  horse  may  be 
regarded  as  the  emblem  of  the  nervous  and  sanguine 
temperament  combined  ;  the  latter,  however,  predomi- 
nating. When  the  nervous  temperament  has  the 
ascendance,  the  animal  will  carry  but  little  flesh,  but 
will  go  till  he  drops,  never  seeming  to  tire.  He  will, 
however,  take  too  much  out  of  himself,  become 
thinner,  and  is  what  is  called  a  hot  horse.  When  the 
sanguine  temperament  greatly  prevails,  the  horse  will 
have  great  muscular  powers,  but  not  much  inclination 
to  put  them  to  the  stretch.  When  the  lymphatic 
temperament  has  superior  influence,  the  animal, 
though  looking  fresh  and  fat,  and  starting  well  at  first, 
will  soon  flag,  and  knock  up,  and  will  rather  endure 


-54  .      OSANGE    COL'NTY 

the  lash  than  make  an  extra  exertion.  It  is  the  happy 
combination  of  these  three  temperaments  that  make  a 
perfect  horse,  when  severe  exertion  is  demanded.  The 
full  development  of  the  abdominal  organs  is  essential, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  through  the  food  that  both  the  mus- 
cular system  and  the  nervous  energy  is  furnished  If 
the  digestion  is  weak,  the  other  powers  will  be  in- 
efficiently supplied.  The  sanguineous  organs  are 
needed  to  furnish  the  muscular  powers,  and  the 
nervous  system  is  demanded  to  furnish  the  muscles 
with  the  requisite  energy  and  capability  of  endurance. 
What  is  called  bottom  in  the  horse,  is  neither  more  nor 
less  than  the  abundant  supply  of  nervous  energy,  the 
muscles  being  at  the  same  time  well  developed. 

There  are  two  errors  commonly  committed  by  per- 
sons selecting  animals  from  which  to  breed.  Some 
pay  too  much  attention  to  pedigree,  and  too  little  to 
form,  spirit,  etc.  The  correct  theory  is,  though  form 
and  character  is  of  primary  importance,  the  blood 
should  never  be  neglected.  The  great  point  to  be 
aimed  at  in  a  horse  for  all  work,  is  the  combination  in 


STUD   BOOK.  65 

the  same  animal,  of  maximum  of  speed,  compatible 
with  sufficient  size,  bone,  strength,  and  solid  power, 
to  carry  heavy  weights,  draw  large  loads,  and  to  secure 
to  the  stock  the  probability  of  not  inheriting  deformity 
or  disease  from  either  parent.  Breed  as  much  as  pos- 
sible with  pure  blood,  of  the  right  kind ;  and  breed 
what  is  technically  called,  up,  not  down — that  is  to  say, 
by  breeding  the  mare  to  a  male  of  superior,  not  inferior 
blood  to  herself;  except  where  it  is  desired  to  breed 
like  to  like,  as  Morgan  to  Morgan,  for  the  purpose  of 
perpetuating  a  pure  stream  of  any  particular  variety 
which  is  needful.  A  half-breed  mare  should  never  be 
put  to  a  half-breed  stallion,  as,  in  that  case,  the  pro- 
duct in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  degenerates  below  the 
dam  ;  whereas,  if  she  be  bred  to  a  thorough-bred 
stallion,  the  product  will  be  superior.  And  the  error 
is,  to  breed  from  mares  that  have  become  noted  for 
their  speed.  Some  persons  will  pick  up  some  long- 
legged,  rangy,  broken  down  trotting  mare,  which 
could,  perhaps,  trot  her  mile  in  2.30,  thinking  to  pro- 
duce something  very  fine.  Nothing  can  be  more  ill- 


56  ORANGE   COUNTY 

judged,  as  in  the  majority  of  instances  it  is  sure  to  end 
in  disappointment.  A  mare,  with  all  the  best  blood  in 
her  veins,  but  without  good  shape  and  good  points, 
is  not  fit  for  breeding  purposes. 

And  the  great  and  common  error  in  breeding,  is  to 
cross  a  compact  dam  with  a  large  sire — the  object 
being  to  increase  the  size  of  the  offspring  above  that 
of  the  dam — the  result  is  almost  sure  to  end  in  disap- 
pointment. This  has  been  attempted  in  England,  and 
has  proved  a  failure.  The  rule  deduced  from  experi- 
ence is,  the  dam  must  be  as  large  or  larger  than  the 
sire.  This  is  a  historical  fact.  The  history  of  breeding 
ehows,  that  to  improve  a  breed,  we  must  select  the 
best- formed,  largest  mares,  and  cross  them  with 
medium-sized,  compact,  muscular  stallions. 

Size  is  not  the  measure  of  power.  Some  horses  that 
weigh  900  Ibs.  will  exceed  in  strength  and  endurance 
others  of  1,200  Ibs.,  or  more;  and  of  those  horses  that 
have  distinguished  themselves  as  trotters,  a  large  ma- 
jority have  been  of  medium  size.  Shortness  of  legs, 
with  compactness  of  form,  is  indispensable  to  great 


STUD   BOOK.  57 

endurance.  The  size  of  the  muscles  of  a  horse,  other 
things  being  equal,  determines  his  power.  In  selecting 
a  stallion,  aim  to  get  one  that  excels  in  the  point  that 
the  mare  is  deficient  in  and  you  wish  to  avoid  in  the 
offspring.  Let  him  exhibit  courage  and  endurance, 
rather  than  speed.  No  one  stallion  is  best  adapted  to 
all  mares  ;  determine,  with  a  matured  judgment,  which 
class  of  animals  your  mare  is  best  calculated  to  produce, 
whether  a  roadster,  coach  horse,  or  draught  animal, 
and  having  determined  this,  use  a  stallion  best  cal- 
culated to  produce  the  thing  reasonably  expected, 
bearing  in  mind  the  rule,  that  "Like  will  produce 
like."  Breeding,  to  be  successful,  must  be  a  matter  of 
study.  One  point,  Bays  Youatt,  is  absolutely  essential, 
it  is  "compactness" — as  much  goodness  and  strength 
as  possible  condensed  into  a  little  space. 

Next  to  compactness,  the  inclination  of  the  shoulder 
will  be  regarded.  A  huge  stallion,  with  upright 
shoulders,  never  got  a  capital  hunter  or  hackney. 
From  him  the  breeder  can  obtain  nothing  but  a  cart 
or  dray  horse,  and  that,  perhaps,  spoiled  by  the 


58  OKANGE    COUNTY 

opposite  form  of  the  mare,  On  the  other  hand,  an 
upright  shoulder  is  desirable,  if  not  absolutely  neces- 
sary, when  a  mere  slow  draught-horse  is  required. 

The  condition  of  the  stallion  is  too  often  overlooked 
by  the  most  of  our  farmers.  By  condition  is  not 
meant  a  high  state  of  fatness,  but,  on  the  contrary,  it 
indicates  the  greatest  health  and  strength,  reducing 
all  superfluous  fat,  bringing  the  flesh  into  clear,  hard, 
and  powerful  muscles.  Too  many  farmers  are  content 
with  the  form  and  figure  of  a  horse,  without  regard  to 
condition. 

A  remarkable  case  occurred  in  England,  some  years 
since.  George  the  IY.  owned,  and  was  in  the  habit  of 
riding  as  a  hunter,  a  horse  of  unqualled  excellence. 
His  Majesty  caused  a  few  of  his  mares  to  be  bred  to 
him  in  the  spring,  after  he  had  been  kept  in  the 
highest  condition  as  a  hunter  throughout  the  winter, 
and  the  produce,  on  growing  up,  proved  every  way 
worthy  of  their  sire.  When  His  Majesty  became 
seriously  engaged  in  the  cares  of  Government,  and 
therefore  relinquished  the  pleasures  of  the  chase,  being 


STUD    BOOK.  59 

desirous  to  perpetuate  the  fine  qualities  of  this  stock, 
he  ordered  the  horse  to  be  kept  at  Windsor  for  public 
covering,  provided  the  mares  should  be  of  the  first 
quality ;  and  in  order  to  insure  a  sufficient  number  of 
these,  directed  the  head  groom  to  keep  him  exclu- 
sively for  such,  and  to  make  no  charge,  with  the 
exception  of  the  customary  groom's  fee,  of  half  a 
guinea  each.  The  groom,  anxious  to  pocket  as  many 
half  guineas  as  possible,  published  His  Majesty's  liber- 
ality, and  vaunted  the  qualities  of  the  horse,  in  order 
to  persuade  all  he  could  to  avail  themselves  of  the 
benefit.  The  result  was,  the  horse  being  kept  without 
his  accustomed  exercise  and  in  a  state  of  repletion, 
and  serving  upwards  of  a  hundred  mares  yearly,  the 
stock,  although  tolerably  promising  in  their  early  age, 
shot  up  into  lank,  weakly,  awkward,  leggy,  good-for- 
nothing  creatures,  to  the  entire  ruin  of  the  horse's 
character  as  a  sire ;  until  some  gentlemen,  aware  of 
the  cause,  took  pains  to  explain  it,  proving  the  cor- 
rectness of  their  statements  by  reference  to  the  first 
of  the  horse's  get,  produced  under  a  proper  system  of 


60  ORANGE   COUNTT 

breeding,  and   which  were  then  in  their  prime,  and 
among  the  best  horses  in  England. 

"  In  selecting  a  mare,"  says  Youatt,  "  it  is,  perhaps, 
more  difficult  to  select  a  good  mare  to  breed  from  than 
a  good  horse,  because  she  should  possess  somewhat 
opposite  qualities.  Her  carcass  should  be  long,  in 
order  to  give  room  for  the  growth  of  the  foetus,  and 
yet  with  this  there  should  be  compactness  of  form  and 
shortness  of  leg.  In  frame,  the  mare  should  be  so 
formed  as  to  be  capable  of  carrying  and  well  nourish- 
ing her  offspring ;  that  is,  she  should  be  what  is  called 
'  roomy.'  There  is  a  formation  of  the  hips  which  is 
particularly  unfit  for  breeding  purposes,  and  yet  which 
is  sometimes  carefully  selected,  because  it  is  considered 
elegant ;  this  is  the  level  and  straight  hip,  in  which 
the  tail  is  set  on  very  high,  and  the  end  of  the  haunch 
bone  is  nearly  on  a  level  with  the  projection  of  the  hip 
bone.  Kearly  the  opposite  form  is  the  more  desirable. 
She  requires  such  a  shape  and  make  as  is  well  adapted 
for  the  purpose  she  is  intended  for,"  that  is  to  say,  for 
producing  colts  of  the  style  and  form  she  is  intended 


STUD   BOOK.  61 

to  produce.  We  will  add,  that  she  must  have  four 
good  legs  under  her,  and  those  legs  standing  as  a 
foundation  on  four  good,  well-shaped,  large  feet,  open- 
heeled,  and  by  no  means  flat  soled.  That  she  should 
have  a  good,  lean,  bony  head,  small  cased,  broad 
fronted,  well  set  on,  upon  a  high,  well  carved  neck, 
thin  at  its  junction  with  the  head ;  high  withers,  thin 
shoulders,  and  above  all,  long,  sloping  shoulders.  A 
straight  shoulder  is  an  abomination ;  it  renders  speed 
impossible,  and  gives  a  rigid,  inflexible  motion,  often 
producing  the  bad  fault  of  stumbling.  She  should  be 
wide-chested,  and  deep  in  the  heart-place.  Her 
quarters  should  be  strong,  well  let  down,  long  and 
sickle  shaped  above  the  hocks.  It  is  better  that  she 
go  with  her  hocks  somewhat  too  wide  apart  than  too 
near  together — the  former  point  indicating  power,  the 
latter,  weakness,  of  a  bad  kind.  It  has  been  shown 
that  a  breed  mare  may — nay,  should  be  considerable 
longer  in  the  back  than  one  would  choose  a  working 
horse  to  be ;  but  if  she  be  particularly  so,  it  is  desir- 
able to  put  her  to  a  particularly  short-backed  and  close- 


62  ORANGE   COUNTY 

coupled  horse.  The  next  thing  to  be  observed  by  the 
horse-breeder,  in  raising  stock  of  any  kind,  after  the 
blood  and  form  of  the  mare  and  the  qualities  of  the  stal- 
lion, is  the  temper  and  condition  of  the  dam.  The  former, 
because  nothing  is  more  decidedly  transmissible  in  the 
blood  than  temper ;  the  second,  because,  unless  she  is 
in  good  health  and  vigor,  it  is  impossible  that  she  can 
produce  vigorous  and  healthy  offspring. 

The  first  time  a  mare  is  to  be  covered,  it  is  of  the 
utmost  importance  that  the  stallion  should  be  the  best 
that  can  be  procured,  as  instances  have  been  known 
where  the  stallion,  having  possessed  Home  striking 
points,  the  colts  of  the  mare  have  shown  those  points 
for  several  colts  after,  though  a  different  stallion  was 
used. 

Under  no  possible  circumstances  breed  from  a  stal- 
lion which  has  any  affection  of  any  kind  of  the  respi- 
ratory organs,  whether  seated  in  the  lungs  or  in  the 
windpipe ;  or  from  one  which  has  any  affection  of  the 
eyes,  unless  it  be  the  direct  result  of  an  accident,  such 
as  a  blow,  or  a  puncture,  nor  even  then  if  the  accident, 


STUD'  BOOK  6$ 

having  occurred  to  one  eye,  the  other  has  sympatheti- 
cally followed  suit ;  and,  on  the  other  side,  we  should 
say,  on  no  account  breed  from  a  mare  affected  in  either 
way,  unless  she  be  possessed  of  some  excellencies  so 
extraordinary  and  countervailing,  that,  for  the  sake  of 
preserving  the  stock,  one  would  be  willing  to  run  some 
risk  of  having  a  worthless  animal  for  his  own  use,  in 
the  hope  of  possibly  having  one  fijee  from  the  dreaded- 
defect  and  of  superlative  excellence. 

Previous  to  sending  the  mare  to  the  horse,  she 
should  be  got  into  the  most  perfect  state  of  health  and 
condition,  by  moderate  exercise,  abundance  of  good, 
nutritous  food,  and  warm  stabling.  It  is  not  desirable 
that  she  should  be  in  a  pampered  state,  produced  by 
hot  stables  or  extraordinary  clothing ;  that  she  should 
have  the  short,  fine  coat,  or  the  blooming  and  glowing 
condition  of  the  skin,  for  which  one  would  look  in  a 
race-horse  about  to  contend  for  a  four-mile  heat — not 
that  she  should  be  in  that  wiry  form  of  sinew  and 
steel-like  hardiness  of  muscle,  which  is  only  the  result 
of  training.  Still  less  desirable  is  it  she  should  be 


64  OKANGE   COUNT* 

overloaded  with  fat,  especially  that  soft  fat  generated 
by  artificial  feeding. 

The  temper  is  of  great  importance,  by  which  must 
be  understood,  not  that  gentleness  at  grass,  which  may 

lead  the  breeder's  family  to  pet  the  mare,  but  such  a 
/ 

temper  as  will  serve  for  the  purpose  of  the  rider,  and 
will  answer  to  the  stimulus  of  the  voice,  whip,  or  spur. 
A  craven  or  a  rogue  is  not  to  be  thought  of  as  the 
mother  of  a  family;  and  if  a  mare  belong  to  a  breed 
which  is  remarkable  for  refusing  to  answer  to  the  call 
of  the  rider,  she  should  be  consigned  to  any  task  rather 
than  the  stud  farm.  Sulkiness  and  savageness  are 
likewise  to  be  avoided,  whether  in  stallion  or  mare. 
From  the  time  of  covering,  to  within  a  few  days  of 
the  expected  period  of  foaling,  the  cart-mare  may  be 
kept  at  moderate  labor,  not  only  without  injury,  but 
with  decided  advantage.  It  will  then  be  prudent  to 
release  her  from  work,  and  keep  her  near  home,  and 
under  the  frequent  inspection  of  some  careful  person. 
When  nearly  half  the  time  of  pregnancy  has  elapsed, 
the  mare  should  have  a  little  better  food.  She  should 


STUD   BOOK.  65 

be  allowed  one  or  two  feeds  of  grain  in  the  day.  This 
is  about  the  period  when  they  are  accustomed  to  slink 
their  foals,  or  when  abortion  occurs ;  the  eye  of  the 
owner  should,  therefore,  be  frequently  upon  them. 
Good  feeding  and  moderate  exercise  will  be  the  best 
preventives  of  this  mishap.  The  mare  that  has  once 
aborted  is  liable  to  a  repetition  of  the  accident,  and, 
therefore,  should  never  be  suffered  to  be  with  other 
mares  between  the  fourth  and  fifth  months  ;  for  such 
is  the  power  of  imagination  or  of  sympathy  in  the 
mare,  that  if  one  suffers  abortion,  others  in  the  same 
pasture  will  too  often  share  the  same  fate.  Farmers 
wash,  and  paint,  and  tar  their  stables,  to  prevent  some 
supposed  infection:  the  infection  lies  in  the  imagi- 
nation. 

When  the  period  of  parturition  is  drawing  near,  she 
should  be  watched  and  shut  up  during  the  night  in  a 
safe  yard,  or  loose  box. 

If  the  mare,  whether  of  the  pure  or  common  breed, 
be  thus  taken  care  of,  and  be  in  good  health  while  in 

foal,  little  danger  will  attend  the  act  of  parturition.  If 
E 


66  ORANGE   COUNTY 

there  is  false  presentation  of  the  foetus,  or  difficulty 
in  producing  it,  it  will  be  better  to  have  recourse  to  a 
well-informed  practitioner,  than  to  injure  the  mother 
by  the  violent  and  injurious  attempts  that  are  often 
made  to  relieve  her. 

The  parturition  being  over,  the  mare  should  be 
turned  into  some  well-sheltered  pasture,  with  a  hovel 
or  shed  to  run  into  when  she  pleases :  and  if  she  has 
foaled  early,  and  grass  is  scanty,  she  should  have  a 
couple  of  feeds  of  grain  daily.  The  breeder  may 
depend  upon  it  that  nothing  is  gained  by  starving  the 
mother  and  stinting  the  foal  at  this  time.  It  is  the 
most  important  period  of  the  life  of  the  horse ;  and  if, 
from  false  economy,  his  growth  is  arrested,  his  puny 
form  and  want  of  endurance  will  ever  afterwards 
testify  the  error  that  has  been  committed.  The  grain 
should  be  given  in  a  trough  on  the  ground,  that  the 
foal  may  partake  of  it  with  the  mother.  When  the 
new  grass  is  plentiful,  the  quantity  of  feed  may 
gradually  be  diminished. 

The  mare  will  usually  be  found  again  at  heat  at  or 


STUD    BOOK.  GT 

* 

before  the  expiration  of  nine  days  from  the  time  of 
foaling,  when,  if  she  is  principally  kept  for  breeding 
purposes,  she  may  be  again  put  to  the  horse,  At  the 
same  time,  also,  if  she  is  used  for  agricultural  purposes, 
she  may  go  again  to  work.  The  foal  is  at  first  shut  in 
the  stable  during  the  hours  of  work ;  but  as  soon  as  it 
acquires  sufficient  strength  to  toddle  after  the  mare, 
and  especially  when  she  is  at  slow  work,  it  will  be 
better  for  the  foal  and  the  dam  that  they  should  be 
together.  The  work  will  contribute  to  the  health  of  the 
mother ;  the  foal  will  more  frequently  draw  the  milk, 
and  thrive  better,  and  will  be  hardy  and  tractable,  and 
gradually  familiarized  with  the  objects  among  which  it 
is  afterwards  to  live.  While  the  mother,  however,  is 
thus  worked,  she  and  the  foal  should  be  well  fed ;  and 
two  feeds  of  oats  at  least,  should  be  added  to  the 
green  food  which  they  get  when  turned  out  after  their 
work,  and  at  night. 


68  ORANGE    COUNTY 


THE  VICES 


DISAGREEABLE  OR  DANGEROUS  HABITS 
OF  THE  HORSE. 


The  horse  has  many  excellent  qualities;  but  he. ha? 
likewise,  defects,  and  these  often  amount  to  vices. 
Some  are  attributable  to  natural  disposition,  but  tht 
majority  are  attributable  to  bad  education  and  wron<? 
management. 

BITING. 

This  is  either  the  consequence  of  natural  ferocity,  or 
a  habit  acquired  from  the  foolish  and  teasing  play  of 
grooms  and  stable  boys.  Prevention,  however,  is  in 
the  power  of  every  proprietor  of  horses.  While  he 
insists  on  gentle  and  humane  treatment  of  cattle,  he 
should  systematically  forbid  this  horse-play. 


STUD    BOOK.  69 

It  is  seldem  that  anything  can  be  done  in  the  way 
of  cure.  Kindness  will  aggravate  the  evil,  and  no 
degree  of  severity  will  correct  it.  "I  have  seen,"'  saya 
Professor  Stewart,  "biters  punished  until  they  tremble 
in  every  joint,  and  were  ready  to  drop,  but  have  never, 
in  any  case,  known  them  cured  by  this  treatment,  or 
by  any  other.  The  lash  is  forgotten  in  an  hour,  and 
the  horse  is  as  ready  and  determined  to  repeat  the 
offence  as  before.  He  appears  unable  to  resist  the 
temptation  ;  and,  in  its  worst  form,  biting  is  a  species 
of  insanity." 

Constant  and  laborious  work  is  often  beneficial. 
Some  horses  may  be  over-awed  by  being  very  bold. 
He  may  be  warned  by  speaking  to  him.  On  approach- 
ing a  horse,  hold  a  whip  in  his  view,  ready  to  let  it 
fall.  If  you  can  get  hold  of  his  head  you  are  safe ;  he 
may  then  be  muzzled,  or  his  head  tied  to  the  manger — 
a  long  rope  may  be  fastened  to  the  halter,  and  run 
through  a  ring  at  the  head  of  the  stall,  and  proceed 
backward  to  the  heel-post ;  this  enables  a  man  to  draw 
the  head  close  up  to  the  ring,  and  keep  it  there  till  the 


70  ORANGE   COUNTY 

grain  or  water  is  delivered,  and  till  the  horse  can  be 
bridled,  muzzled,  harnessed,  or  dressed,  as  the  case 
may  be.  He  is,  of  course,  tp  be  released  after  you 
leave  the  stall,  but  the  rope  remains  in  place  ready  for 
use. 

If  you  can  obtain  something  that  is  exceedingly 
disagreeable  to  the  taste  of  a  horse — some  bitter  herb 
— saturate  a  piece  oi  cloth,  and  wind  it  around  a  stick 
for  him  to  bite ;  it  will  often,  in  connection  with  kind 
treatment,  have  a  tendency  to  break  him.  A  single 
short  cut  across  the  mouth  on  the  instant  will  some- 
times do  good. 

KICKING. 

This,  as  a  vice,  is  another  consequence  of  the  cul- 
pable habit  of  teasing  the  horse.  There  is  no  cure  for 
this  vice  when  it  is  inveterately  established,  and  he 
cannot  be  justified  who  keeps  a  kicking  horse  in  his 
stable.  He  is  never  safe,  or  relied  on  as  being  safe. 
It  is  foremost  in  the  point  of  danger,  and  no  treatment 
will  always  conquer.  An  awkward  man  is  always 
sure  to  receive  injury  from  a  confirmed  kicker,  and  a 


STUD    BOOK.  71 

timid  man  is  never  safe.  Before  the  habit  is  estab- 
lished, a  thorn-bush  fastened  against  the  partition  or 
post  will  sometimes  effect  a  cure. 

A  chain  about  20  inches  long,  strapped  in  the  centre 
to  the  horse's  foot,  is  the  most  effectual  remedy  known 
to  us. 

Kicking  in  harness  is  a  serious  vice.  Some  horses, 
by  the  least  annoyance  about  the  rump  or  quarters, 
or  if  the  reins  get  under  their  tail,  they  will  kick  at  a 
most  violent  rate,  endangering  everything  within  their 
reach.  This  inay  be  cured  by  looping  up  his  fore-leg, 
and  teaching  him,  by  several  lessons,  to  draw  and 
walk  on  three  legs ;  in  this  position  he  cannot  kick, 
and  in  a  short  time  his  leg  can  be  taken  down,  and  his 
propensity  for  kicking  will  be  found  to  have  subsided ; 
if  not,  repeat  until  he  is  entirely  cured.  Do  not  put 
him  in  harness  the  first  time  his  leg  is  looped  up,  but 
first  teach  him  to  walk  on  three  legs,  without  support, 
out  of  the  harness.  Or  put  on  a  headstall  or  bridle, 
with  twisted  W,  or  twisted  straight  bit,  in  the  mouth 
of  the  horse  to  be  cured;  then  put  on  a  common  back- 


72  ORANGE    CODXTY 

saddle,  with  thill  lugs,  or  any  strap  or  girth  with  loops 
on  either  side  of  the  horse,  is  equally  good ;  then 
buckle  a  pair  of  long  reins,  open  in  the  middle,  into 
the  bit,  and  pass  them  through  the  thill  lugs  or 
loops,  one  to  each  hind  leg,  above  the  fetlock  joint ; 
there  make  each  rein  fast  to  the  leg,  allowing  sufficient 
length  of  rein  for  your  horse  to  walk  or  trot,  as  the 
operator  may  think  proper.  Everything  complete, 
you  will  have  the  animal  commence  the  operation  of 
kicking ;  the  first  will  be  a  smart  kick,  and  the  second 
lighter,  and  so  on,  till  your  horse  cannot  be  made  to 
kick  any  more. 

Or  the  following :  Take  a  forked  stick,  about  two 
feet  long,  varying  a  little  according  to  the  size  of  the 
horse,  tie  the  ends  of  the  fork  firmly  to  each  end  of 
the  bridle  bit,  and  the  other  end  of  the  stick  to  the 
lower  end  of  the  collar,  so  as  to  keep  the  head  up,  A 
few  days,  working  in  this  manner,  will  commonly 
suffice  for  a  cure.  The  man,  however,  who  must  come 
within  reach  of  a  kicker,  should  come  as  close  to  him 


STUD   BOOK.  75 

as  possible.     The  blow  may  thus  become  a  push,  and 
seldom  is  injurious. 

RUNNING  AWAY. 

The  only  method  which  affords  any  probability  of 
success,  is  to  have  him  always  firmly  in  hand ;  and,  if 
he  will  run  away,  and  the  place  will  admit  of  it,  to- 
give  him  (sparing  neither  curb,  whip,  nor  spur,)  a  great 
deal  more  running  than  he  likes.  If  you  wish  to  stop 
the  horse,  if  on  horseback  throw  your  bridle  reins 
around  his  neck,  if  possible,  to  choke  him,  or  choke 
him  with  your  arm.  If  in  a  wagon,  and  running  away 
is  feared,  provide  a  strong  cord  with  a  slipping-noose 
placed  around  his  neck;  if  he  runs,  draw  the  cord 
forcibly. 

CRIB-BITING. 

The  causes  of  crib-biting  are  various.  It  is  often 
the  result  of  imitation,  idleness,  and  sometimes  by 
partial  starvation.  The  high  fed  and  spirited  horse 
must  be  mischievous,  if  not  usefully  employed.  The 
crib-biting  horse  is  more  subject  to  colic  than  other 


74  CHANGE  COUNTY 

horses,  and  to  a  species  difficult  of  treatment  and  fre- 
quently dangerous.  This  is  a  bad  habit,  and  very 
annoying  to  the  owner  of  a  horse.  Various  remedies 
have  been  tried,  such  as  ironing  the  manger,  par- 
titions, etc.  I  know  of  no  certain  cure  but  an  iron 
muzzle,  with  bars  just  wide  enough  apart  to  allow  the 
horse  to  pick  up  his  grain  and  draw  out  his  hay  with 
his  tongue,  but  not  to  get  hold  of  anything  with  his 
teeth.  Common  bar  soap  is  a  preventive,  which  is  to 
be  rubbed  on  the  edge  and  outside  of  the  crib,  and 
renewed  as  often  as  necessary.  If  this  habit  is  not 
broken,  it  will  soon  be  imitated  by  every  horse  in  the 
stable. 

WIND-SUCKING. 

This  bears  a  close  analogy  to  crib-biting.  It  arises 
from  the  same  causes,  the  same  purpose  is  accom- 
plished, and  the  same  results  follow.  The  horse  stands 
with  his  neck  bent,  his  lips  alternately  a  little  opened 
and  then  closed,  and  a  noise  is  heard  as  if  he  were 
sucking.  If  we  may  judge  from  the  same  comparative 


STUD    BOOK.  75 

want  of  condition  and  the  flatulence  which  we  have 
described  under  the  last  head,  either  some  portion  of 
wind  enters  the  stomach,  or  there  is  an  injurious  loss 
of  saliva.  This  diminishes  the  value  of  the  horse 
almost  as  much  as  crib-biting ;  it  is  as  contageous,  and 
it  is  as  inveterate.  The  only  remedies — and  they  will 
seldom  avail — are  tying  the  head  up  except  when  the 
horse  is  feeding,  or  putting  on  a  muzzle  with  sharp 
spikes  towards  the  neck,  and  which  will  prick  him 
whenever  he  attempts  to  rein  his  h<  ad  in  for  the 
purpose  of  wind-sucking. —  Touatt. 

CUTTING. 

There  are  some  defects  in  the  natural  form  of  the 
horse,  which  are  the  causes  of  cutting,  and  which  no 
contrivance  will  remedy ;  as,  when  the  legs  are  placed 
too  near  to  each  other,  or  when  the  feet  are  turned 
inward  or  outward.  Some  horses  will  cut  only  when 
they  are  fatigued  or  lame,  and  old ;  many  colts  will 
cut  before  they  arrive  at  their  full  strength.  The  in- 
side of  the  fetlock  is  often  bruised  by  the  shoe  or  the 


76  ORANGE   COUNTY 

hoof  of  the  opposite  foot.  Many  expedients  have  been 
tried  to  remove  this :  the  inside  heel  has  been  raised 
and  lowered,  and  the  outside  raised  and  lowered  ;  and 
sometimes  one  operation  has  succeeded,  and  some- 
times the  contrary ;  and  there  was  no  po:nt  so 
involved  in  obscurity,  or  so  destitute  of  principles  to 
guide  the  practitioner.  The  most  successful  remedy, 
and  that  which,  in  the  great  majority  of  cases  super- 
sedes all  others,  is  a  shoe  of  equal  thickness  from  heel 
to  toe,  and  having  but  one  nail,  and  that  near  the  toe 
on  the  inside  of  the  shoe ;  care  being  taken  that  the 
shoe  shall  not  extend  beyond  the  edge  of  the  crust, 
and  that  the  crust  shall  be  rasped  a  little  at  the 
quarters. 

NOT  LYING  DOWN. 

It  not  uncommonly  happens  that  ahorse  will  seldom 
or  never  lie  down  in  the  stable.  He  sometimes  con- 
tinues in  apparent  good  health,  and  feeds  and  works 
well;  but  generally  his  legs  swell,  or  he  becomes 
fatigued  sooner  than  another  horse.  They  perhaps  are 


STUD    BOOK.  77 

afraid  of  being  caught  by  the  halter,  or  they  have 
already  been  cast  in  the  night,  and  do  not  like  to  try  it 
again.  Such  horses  should  be  let  loose  in  a  stable  at 
night,  or  in  a  large  stall  without  being  tied,  and  fur- 
nished with  a  tempting  bed,  until  the  habit  of  lying 
down  is  acquired. 


TO  PREVENT  ROLLING  IN  THE  STALL. 

This  is  a  very  dangerous  habit,  and  can  be  prevented 
only  by  tying  the  horse  so  that  he  can  lie  down,  but 
not  touch  his  head  to  the  floor.  This  is  very  tires  orae 
to  the  horse,  and  hence,  if  you  care  enough  for  his 
comfort  and  health,  build  a  narrow  platform,  eighteen 
to  twenty-four  inches  in  width,  slanting  at  an  angle  of 
thirty  to  forty  degrees,  so  that  it  will  form  a  pillow  for 
his  head  and  neck ;  then  adjust  a  rope  so  that,  as  he 
lies  down,  his  head  will  naturally  rest  on  the  platform 
or  pillow.  He  will  not  roll  unless  he  can  get  his  head 
as  low  as  the  floor  of  the  stable. 


78  ORANGE    COUNTY 

OVER-REACHING  OR  CLINKING. 

An  over-reach  is  a  tread  upon  the  heel  of  the 
coronet  of  the  fore  foot  by  the  shoe  of  the  correspond- 
ing hind  foot,  and  is  either  inflicted  by  the  toe,  or  by 
the  inner  edge  of  the  inside  of  the  shoe, 

A  writer  in  the  N.  E.  Farmer,  who  is  a  blacksmith, 
cures  overreaching  horses,  and  increases  their  trotting 
speed  fifteen  or  twenty  seconds  per  mile,  by  the  fol- 
lowing mode  of  shoeing,  which  increases  the  motion 
of  the  forward  feet,  and  retards  the  motion  of  the  hind 
ones.  He  makes  the  toe- caulks  very  low,  standing  a 
very  little  under,  and  the  shoes  set  as  far  backward  as 
convenient  on  the  forward  feet,  with  high  heel-caulks, 
so  as  to  let  them  roll  over  as  soon  as  possible.  On 
the  hind  feet,  the  heel-caulk  is  low  and  the  toe-caulk 
high  and  projecting  forward.  Horses  shod  thus,  travel 
clean,  with  no  click. 

PAWING. 

Some  hot  and  irritable  horses  are  restless,  even  in 
the  stable,  and  paw  frequently  and  violently.  Shackles 


STUD   BOOK.  79* 

are  the  only  remedy,  with  a  chain  sufficiently  long  to 
enable  the  horse  to  shift  his  position ;  but  they  must 
be  taken  off  at  night  to  enable  the  horse  to  lie  down. 
—  Touait. 


SLIPPING  THE  HALTER. 

This  is  a  trick  at  which  many  horses  are  so  cleverr 
that  scarcely  a  night  passes  without  their  getting 
loose.  It  is  a  very  serious  habit,  for  it  enables  the 
horse  sometimes  to  gorge  himself  with  food,  to  the 
imminent  danger  of  staggers  ;  or  it  exposes  him,  as  he 
wanders  about,  to  be  kicked  and  injured  by  the  other 
horses;  while  his  restlessness  will  often  keep  the 
whole  team  awake.  If  the  web  of  the  halter,  being 
first  accurately  fitted  to  his  neck,  is  suffered  to  slip  only 
one  way,  or  a  strap  is  attached  to  the  halter  and 
buckled  round  the  neck,  but  not  sufficiently  tight  tx> 
be  of  serious  inconvenience,  the  power  of  slipping  the? 
halter  will  be  taken  away. — Youatt. 


80  OEANGE   COUNTY 

TRIPPING 

He  must  be  a  skillful  practitioner,  or  a  mere  pre- 
tender, who  promises  to  remedy  this  habit.  If  it 
arises  from  a  heavy  fore-hand,  and  the  fore-legs  being 
too  much  under  the  horse,  no  one  can  alter  the  natural 
frame  of  the  animal ;  if  it  proceeds  from  tenderness  of 
the  foot,  grogginess,  or  old  lameness,  the  ailments  are 
seldom  cured.  Also,  if  it  is  to  be  traced  to  habitual 
carelessness  and  idleness,  no  whipping  will  rouse  the 
drone.  A  known  stumbler  should  never  be  ridden  or 
driven  by  any  one  who  values  his  safety  or  his  life.  A 
tight  hand  or  a  strong  bearing-rein  are  precautions 
that  should  not  be  neglected. 

If  the  stumbler  has  the  foot  kept  as  short,  and  the 
toe  pared  as  close  as  safety  will  permit,  and  the  shoe 
is  rounded  at  the  toe,  or  has  that  shape  given  to  it 
which  it  naturally  acquires  in  a  fortnight  from  the 
peculiar  action  of  such  a  horse,  the  animal  may  not 
Btumble  quite  so  much ;  or  if  the  disease  which  pro- 
duced the  habit  can  be  alleviated,  some  trifling  good 
may  be  done ;  but,  in  almost  every  case,  a  stumbler 


8TUD   BOOK.  81 

should  be  got  rid  o£  or  put  to  slow  and  heavy  work. 
— Youatt. 

PULLIXG  AT  THE  HALTER 

The  following  is  an  effectual  method  of  preventing 
and  curing  a  horse  from  pulling  at  the  halter.  It 
should  not  be  applied  in  a  stable  unless  the  animal  is 
watched,  as  he  may  throw  himself  and  receive  injury : 

Put  a  strong  strap  or  rope  around  the  neck,  and 
another  with  a  ring  in  it  around  the  pastern  of  one  of 
the  hind  feet,  and  attach  a  strong  rope  to  the  ring,  and 
pass  it  under  a  firm  strap  or  cirsingle,  buckled  loosely 
around  the  girth,  just  back  of  the  shoulder.  Continue 
the  rope  between  the  fore  legs  and  through  a  hole  or 
ring  in  the  manger,  or  post,  where  the  horse  will  pull, 
and  then  tie  it  to  the  strap  around  the  neck,  then  let 
him  pull  "  to  his  heart's  content."  A  few  such  trials 
will  most  likely  subdue  him.  The  harder  he  pulls  back 
the  harder  his  hind  foot  is  pulled  forward,  and  the 
experimenter  will  be  surprised  to  see  how  little  the 
horse  can  do — he  will  not  be  likely  to  even  get  his 

hind  foot  off  the  ground. 
p 


ORANGE  couinT 


OPERATIONS,  ETC..  ETC. 


SETONS. 

Setons  are  useful  in  various  cases  in  abscesses, 
as  occur  in  poll  evil.     In  deep  fistulous  wounds  thr  y 

s 

are  indispensable.  They  promote  discharge  m  the 
neighborhood  of  an  inflammation.  They  are  made  of 
tow  and  horse-hair,  braided  together ;  or  a  small  cord 
or  a  strap  of  leather  may  be  used.  They  are  inserted 
by  means  of  an  instrument  resembling  a  large  needle, 
either  through  abscesses,  or  the  base  of  ulcers  with 
deep  sinuses,  or  between  the  skin  and  the  muscular  or 
other  substances  beneath.  They  are  retained  there  by 
the  ends  being  tied  together,  or  by  a  knot  at  each  end. 
The  tape  is  moved  in  the  wound  twice  or  thrice  in  the 
day,  and  occasionally  wetted  with  spirits  of  turpen- 


STUD   BOOK.  83 

tine,  or  some  acrid  fluid,  in  order  to  increase  the 
inflammation  which  it  produces,  or  the  discharge  which 
is  intended  to  be  established. 

In  inflammation  of  the  chest  or  intestines,  a  rowel  is 
preferable  to  a  seton,  where  the  inflammation  has  long 
continued,  but  not  intense.  Rowels  will  be  service- 
able by  producing  an  irritation  and  discharge.  The 
action  of  rowels  is  slower  than  setons  or  blistering, 

CASTRATION. 

Youatt  says :  "  For  the  common  agricultural  horse, 
the  age  of  four  or  five  months  will  be  the  most  proper 
time,  or,  at  least,  before  he  is  weaned.  Few  horses 
are  lost  when  cut  at  that  age. 

"  If  the  horse  is  designed  either  for  the  carriage,  or 
for  heavy  draught,  the  farmer  should  not  think  of 
castrating  him  until  he  is  at  least  a  twelvemonth  old ; 
and  even  then  the  colt  should  be  carefully  examined. 
If  he  is  thin  and  spare  about  the  neck  and  shoulders, 
and  low  in  the  withers,  he  will  materially  improve  by 
remaining  uncut  another  six  months ;  but  if  his  fore- 


84  ORANGE   COUNTY 

quarters  are  fairly  developed  at  the  age  of  twelve 
months,  the  operation  should  not  be  delayed,  lest  he 
become  heavy  and  gross  before,  and  perhaps  has  begun 
too  decidedly  to  have  a  will  of  his  own. 

"No  preparation  is  necessary  for  the  sucking  colt, 
but  it  may  be  prudent  to  bleed  and  to  physic  one  of 
more  advanced  age.  In  temperate  weather  he  will  do 
much  better  running  in  the  field  than  nursed  in  a  close 
and  hot  stable.  The  moderate  exercise  that  he  will 
take  in  grazing  will  be  preferable  to  perfect  inaction. 

"  The  old  method  of  opening  the  scrotum  (testicle 
bag)  on  either  side,  and  cutting  off  the  testicles,  and 
preventing  bleeding  by  a  temporary  compression  of 
the  vessels  while  they  are  seared  with  a  hot  iron,  must 
not,  perhaps,  be  abandoned. 

"  Another  method  of  castration  is  by  Torsion.  An 
incision  is  made  into  the  scrotum,  and  the  vas  diferens 
is  exposed  and  divided.  The  artery  is  then  seized  by 
a  pair  of  forceps,  contrived  for  the  purpose,  and  twisted 
six  or  seven  times  round.  It  retracts  without  untwist- 
ing the  coils,  and  bleeding  ceases.  The  most  painful 


STUD    BOOK.  85 

part  of  the  operation — the  operation  of  the  firing-iron 
or  toe  clams — is  avoided,  and  the  wound  readily  heals." 

BLEEDING. 

ThiB  operation  is  performed  with  a  fleam  or  a  lancet. 
Tb  5  first  is  the  common  instrument,  except  in  skillful 
li^ads.  The  lancet,  however,  has  a  more  surgical 
aj  pearance,  and  will  be  adopted  by  the  veterinary 
p:  ictitioner.  A  bloodstick  is  used  to  strike  the  fleam 
it  jo  the  vein.  This  is  sometimes  done  with  too  great 
r  olence,  and  the  opposite  side  of  the  coat  of  the  vein 
ic  wounded.  Bad  cases  of  inflammation  have  resulted 
from  this.  If  the  fist  is  doubled,  and  the  fleam  is 
sharp,  and  is  struck  with  sufficient  force  with  the 
lower  part  of  the  hand,  the  bloodstick  may  be  dispensed 
with. 

For  general  bleeding  the  jugular  vein  is  selected. 
The  horse  is  blindfolded  on  the  side  on  which  he  is  to 
be  bled,  or  his  head  turned  well  away.  The  hair  is 
smoothed  along  the  course  of  the  vein  with  the 
moistened  finger ;  then,  with  the  third  and  little  finger 


illitli   ,   '    . 

86  CHANGE    COUNTY 

of  the  left  hand,  which  holds  the  fleam,  pressure  is 
made  on  the  vein  sufficient  to  bring  it  fairly  into  view, 
but  not  to  swell  it  too  much,  for,  then  presenting  a 
rounded  surface,  it  would  be  apt  to  roll  or  slip  under 
the  blow.  The  point  to  be  selected  is  about  two 
inches  below  the  union  of  the  two  portions  of  the 
jugular  at  the  angle  of  the  jaw.  The  fleam  is  to  be 
placed  in  a  direct  line  with  the  course  of  the  vein,  and 
over  the  precise  centre  of  the  vein,  as  close  to  it  as 
possible,  but  its  point  not  absolutely  touching  the 
vein,  A  sharp  rap  with  the  hand  on  that  part  of  the 
back  of  iJie  fleam  immediately  over  the  blade  will  cut 
through  the  vein,  and  the  blood  will  flow.  A  fleam 
with  a  large  blade  should  always  be  preferred.  A 
quantity  of  blood  drawn  speedily  will  also  have  far 
more  effect  on  the  system  than  double  the  weight 
Blowly  taken,  while  the  wound  will  heal  just  as  readily 
as  if  made  by  a  smaller  instrument.  A  slight  pressure, 
if  the  incision  has  been  large  enough  and  straight,  and 
in  the  middle  of  the  vein,  will  cause  the  blood  to  flow 
sufficiently  fast ;  or,  the  finger  being  introduced  into 


STUD    BOOK.  87 

the  mouth  between  the  tushes  and  the  grinders,  and 
gently  moved  about,  will  keep  the  mouth  in  motion, 
and  hasten  the  rapidity  of  the  stream  by  the  action 
and  pressure  of  the  neighboring  muscles 

When  sufficient  blood  has  been  taken,  the  edges  of 
tip  wound  should  be  brought  closely  and  exactly 
together,  and  kept  together  by  a  small,  sharp  pin  being 
passed  through  them.  Round  this  a  little  tow  should 
be  wrapped,  so  as  to  cover  the  whole  of  the  incision ; 
and  the  head  of  the  horse  should  be  tied  up  for  several 
hours  to  prevent  his  rubbing  the  part  against  the 
manger.  In  bringing  the  edges  of  the  wound  together 
and  introducing  the  pin,  care  should  be  taken  not  to 
draw  the  skin  too  much  from  the  neck,  otherwise 
blood  will  insinuate  itself  between  it  and  the  muscles 
beneath,  and  cause  an  unsightly  and  sometimes 
troublesome  swelling. 

The  blood  should  be  received  into  a  vessel,  the 
dimensions  of  which  are  exactly  known,  so  that  the 
operator  may  be  able  to  calculate  at  every  period  of  the 
bleeding  the  quantity  that  is  extracted.  Care,  like- 


88  ORANGE   COUNTY 

wise,  should  be  taken  that  the  blood  flows  in  a  regular 
stream  into  the  centre  of  the  vessel,  for  if  it  is  suffered 
to  trickle  down  the  sides  it  will  not  afterwards  under- 
go those  changes  by  which  we  partially  judge  of  the 
extent  of  inflammation.  The  pulse,  however,  and  the 
symptoms  of  the  case  collectively,  will  form  a  betteV 
criterion  than  any  change  in  the  blood.  Twenty-four 
hours  after  the  operation  the  edges  of  the  wound  will 
have  united,  and  the  pin  should  be  withdrawn.  When 
the  bleeding  is  to  be  repeated,  if  more  than  three  or 
four  hours  have  elapsed,  it  will  be  better  to  make  a 
fresh  incision  rather  than  to  open  the  old  wound. 

In  local  inflammation,  blood  maybe  taken' from  any 
of  the  superficial  veins.  In  supposed  affection  of  the 
shoulder,  or  of  the  fore-leg  or  foot,  the  plate  vein, 
which  comes  from  the  inside  of  the  arm,  and  runs  up- 
wards directly  in  front  of  it  towards  the  jugular,  may 
be  opened.  In  affections  of  the  hind  extremity,  blood 
is  sometimes  extracted  from  the  saphcena,  or  thigh-vein, 
which  runs  across  the  inside  of  the  thigh.  In  foot 
cases  it  may  be  taken  from  the  coronet,  or,  much  more 


STUD   BOOK.  89 

safely,  from  the  toe ;  not  by  cutting  out  a  piece  of  the 
sole  at  the  toe  of  the  frog — which  sometimes  causes  a 
wound  difficult  to  heal,  and  followed  by  festering  and 
even  by  canker — but  cutting  down  with  a  fine  drawing- 
knife,  called  a  searcher,  at  the  union  between  the 
crust  and  the  sole  at  the  very  toe  until  the  blood 
flows,  and,  if  necessary,  encouraging  its  discharge  by 
dipping  the  foot  in  warm  water.  The  mesh-work  of 
both  arteries  and  veins  will  be  here  divided,  and  blood 
is  generally  obtained  in  any  quantity  that  may  be 
needed.  The  bleeding  may  be  stopped  with  the 
greatest  ease,  by  placing  a  bit  of  tow  in  the  little 
groove  that  has  been  cut,  and  tacking  the  shoe  over 
it.* — YouatL 

•A  great  improvement  has  lately  been  introduced  in  the  method  of 
arresting  arterial  hermorrhage.  The  operation  is  very  simple,  and,  with 
common  care,  successf al.  The  instrument  is  a  pair  of  artery  forceps,  with 
rather  sharper  teeth  than  the  common  forceps,  and  the  blades  held  close 
by  a  slide.  The  vessel  is  laid  bare,  detached  from  the  cellular  substance 
around  it,  and  the  artery  then  grasped  by  the  forceps,  the  instrument 
deviating  a  very  little  from  the  line  of  the  artery.  The  vessel  is  novr 
divided  close  to  the  forceps,  and  behind  them,  and  the  forceps  are  twisted 
four  or  five  times  round.  The  forceps  are  then  loosened,  and,  generally 
speaking,  not  more  than  a  drop  or  two  of  blood  will  have  been  lost.  This 
meteod  of  arresting  bleeding  has  been  applied  by  several  scientific  and 
benevolent  men  with  almost  constant  success.  It  has  been  readily  and 
effectually  practiced  in  docking,  and  patients  have  escaped  much  torture. 


90  ORANGE   COUNTY 

THE  PULSE. 

The  pulse  is  a  very  useful  assistant  to  the  veterinary 
surgeon,  whose  patients  cannot  describe  either  the 
seat  or  degree  of  ailment  or  pain.  In  a  state  of  health 
the  heart  beats  in  a  horse  about  thirty-six  times  a 
minute.  This  is  said  to  be  the  standard  pulse— the 
pulse  of  health.  Where  it  beats  naturally  there  can 
be  little  materially  wrong.  The  most  convenient 
place  to  feel  the  pulse  is  at  the  lower  jaw,  a  little 
behind  the  spot  where  the  sub-maxillary  artery  and 
vein,  and  the  parotid  duct,  come  from  under  the  jaw. 
There  the  number  of  pulsations  will  be  easily  counted, 
and  the  character  of  the  pulse,  a  matter  of  fully  equal 
importance,  will  be  clearly  ascertained. 

When  the  pulse  reaches  fifty  or  fifty-five,  some 
degree  of  fever  may  be  apprehended,  and  proper  pre- 


and  tetanus  lost  many  a  victim.  The  forceps  have  been  introduced,  and 
with  much  success,  in  castration,  and  thus  the  principal  danger  of  that 
operation,  as  well  as  the  most  painful  part  of  it,  is  removed.  The  colt  will 
be  a  fair  subject  for  this  experiment.  On  the  sheep  and  the  calf  it  may 
be  readily  performed,  and  the  operator  will  have  the  pleasing  conscious- 
ness of  rescuing  many  a  poor  animal  from  the  unnecessary  Infliction  of 
torture.— Spooner. 


STUD    BOOK  91 

caution  should  be  taken.  Seventy  or  seventy-five  will 
indicate  a  dangerous  state,  and  put  the  owner  and  the 
surgeon  a  little  on  the  alert  Few  horses  long  survive 
a  pulse  of  one  hundred,  for,  by  this  excessive  action, 
the  energies  of  nature  are  speedily  worn  out.  Some 
things  should  be  taken  into  account  in  forming  our 
conclusion  of  the  pulse.  Exercise,  a  warm  stable,  and 
fear  will  wonderfully  increase  the  number  of  pulsations. 

If  a  quick  pulse  indicate  irritation  and  fever,  a  slow 
pulse  will  likewise  characterize  diseases  of  an  opposite 
description.  It  accompanies  the  sleepy  stage  of  stag- 
gers, and  every  malady  connected  with  deficiency  of 
nervous  energy. 

The  heart  may  be  excited  to  more  frequent  and 
more  violent  action.  It  may  contract  more  power- 
fully upon  the  blood,  which  will  be  driven  with  greater 
force  through  the  arteries,  and  the  expansion  of  the 
vessels  will  be  greater  and  more  sudden.  Then  we 
have  the  hard  pulse — the  sure  indicator  of  considerable 
fever,  and  calling  for  the  immediate  and  free  use  of 
the  lancet 


92  OBAUGE   CODNTT 

Sometimes  the  pulse  may  be  hard  and  jerking,  and 
yet  small.  The  stream,  though  forcible,  is  not  great. 
The  practitioner  knows  that  this  indicates  a  dangerous 
state  of  disease.  It  is  an  almost  invariable  accompani- 
ment of  inflammation  of  the  bowels. 

A  weak  pulse,  when  the  arterial  stream  flows  slowly, 
is  caused  by  the  feeble  action  of  the  heart.  It  is  ih& 
reverse  of  fever,  and  expressive  of  debility. 

The  oppressed  pulse  is  when  the  arteries  seem  to  be 
fully  distended  with  blood.  There  is  obstruction 
somewhere,  and  the  action  of  the  heart  can  hardly 
force  the  stream  along,  or  communicate  pulsation  to 
the  current. 

The  state  of  the  pulse  should  be  carefully  regarded 
during  bleeding.  The  most  experienced  practitioner 
cannot  tell  what  quantity  of  blood  must  be  abstracted 
in  order  to  produce  the  desired  effect.  The  change  of 
the  pulse  can  alone  indicate  when  the  object  is  accom- 
plished; therefore,  the  operator  should  have  his  finger 
on  the  artery  during  the  act  of  breeding,  and,  compa- 
ratively regardless  of  the  quantity,  continue  to  tak& 


STUD   BOOK.  93 

blood  until,  in  inflammation  of  the  lungs,  the  oppressed 
pulse  becomes  fuller  and  more  distinct,  or  the  strong 
pulse  of  considerable  fever  is  evidently  softer,  or  the 
animal  exhibits  symptoms  of  iaintness, 

It  is  important  to  distinguish  between  the  pulse  of 
fever  and  that  of  inflammation.  We  may  have  a  pulse 
of  the  greatest  rapidity,  as  in  influenza,  and  yet  no  one 
part  of  the  body  much  inflamed.  We  have  known  the 
pulse  of  the  horse  more  than  tripled,  and  the  animal 
still  recover ;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  in  cases  of  in- 
flammation, a  pulse  of  sixty  has  betokened  great 
danger,  and,  in  some  cases,  has  been  succeeded  by 
death. 

CLYSTERS. 

The  principal  art  of  administering  a  clyster  consist* 
in  not  frightening  the  horse.  The  pipe,  well  oiled, 
should  be  very  gently  introduced,  and  the  fluid  not 
too  hastily  thrown  into  the  intestine,  its  heat  being  as 
nearly  as  possible  that  of  the  intestine,  or  about  96°  of 
Fahrenheit's  thermometer. 


94  ORANGE   COUNTY 

These  are  useful  in  hastening  the  evacuation  of  the 
bowels  when  the  disease  requires  their  speedy  action. 

Two  ounces  of  soft  or  yellow  soap,  dissolved  in  a 
gallon  of  warm  water,  will  form  a  useful  aperient 
clyster.  For  a  more  active  aperient,  half  a  pound  of 
Epsom  salts,  or  even  of  common  salt,  may  be  dissolved 
in  the  same  quantity  of  water.  A  stronger  injection, 
but  not  to  be  used  if  much  purgative  medicine  has 
been  previously  given,  may  be  composed  of  an  ounce 
of  Barbadoes  aloes,  dissolved  in  two  or  three  quarts  of 
warm  water.  If  nothing  else  can  be  procured,  warm 
water  may  be  employed. 

In  cases  of  over-purging,  or  inflammation  of  the 
bowels,  the  injection  must  be  of  a  soothing  nature.  It 
may  consist  of  gruel  alone,  or,  if  the  purging  is  con- 
siderable, and  difficult  to  stop,  the  gruel  must  be 
thicker,  and  four  ounces  of  prepared,  or  powdered 
chalk,  well  mixed  with  or  suspended  in  it,  with  two 
scruples  or  a  drachm  of  powdered  opium. 

No    oil    should   enter   into    the   composition  of  a 


8TDD   BOOK.  95 

clyster,  except  that  linseed  oil  may  be  used  for  the 
expulsion  of  ascarides,  or  needle  worms 

In  epidemic  catarrh,  when  the  horse  sometimes 
obstinately  refuses  to  eat  or  to  drink,  his  strength  may 
be  supported  by  nourishing  clysters  ;  but  they  should 
consist  of  thick  gruel  only,  and  not  more  than  a  quart 
should  be  administered  at  once. 

TRACHEOTOMY. 

"  This  operation  consists  in  making  an  opening  inta 
the  windpipe  to  admit  air  to  the  lungs,  when  the 
natural  passage  is  obstructed  by  foreign  bodies,  or 
when  its  calibre  is  lessened  by  tumefaction  occasioned 
by  disease.  In  severe  cases  of  laiyngitis,  strangles, 
and  their  kindred  diseases,  when  the  patient  seems 
almost  suffocated,  tracheotomy  should  be  immediately 
performed.  In  performing  the  operation,  we  select  a- 
spot  about  six  inches  below  the  throat,  in  front  of  the 
neck,  and  over  the  region  of  the  windpipe ;  an  incision 
is  to  be  made  with  a  common  penknife  (in  lieu  of  a 
better  instrument),  to  the  extent  of  two  or  three- 


96  OBANGE    COUNTY 

inches,  in  a  downward  direction,  so  as  to  lay  bare  the 
trachea;  having  exposed  space  sufficient,  a  circular 
piece  between  two  rings,  corresponding  to  the  size  of 
the  tube,  is  to  be  cut  out,  and  a  short  tube  inserted, 
which  can  be  confined  in  position  by  means  of  tape 
passed  around  the  neck.  When  the  obstruction  ia 
removed,  or  the  fances  restored  to  their  natural  state, 
remove  the  tube,  bring  the  edges  of  the  integuments 
together,  and  sew  them  up." — Dr.  Dadd. 

PHTSICHSTG. 

This  is  often  necessary,  but  it  has  injured  the  con- 
stitution and  destroyed  thousands  of  animals}  when 
unnecessarily  or  improperly  resorted  to.  When  the 
horse  comes  from  grass  to  dry  feed,  or  from  the  open 
air  to  the  heated  stable,  and  is  becoming  too  fat,  or 
has  surfeit,  or  grease,  or  mange,  or  is  out  of  condition 
from  inactivity  of  the  digestive  organs,  a  dose  of 
physic  is  serviceable  ;  but  the  physicing  of  all  horses, 
and  the  too  frequent  method  of  exercising  the  animal 
when  under  the  operation  of  physic,  cannot  be  too 
strongly  condemned. 


STUD    BOOK.  97 

A  horse  should  be  carefully  prepared  lor  the  action 
of  physic.  Mashes  should  be  given  until  the  duns 
becomes  softened.  Five  drachms  of  aloes,  given  when 
the  dung  has  thus  been  softened,  will  act  much  more 
effectually  and  much  more  safely  then  seven  drachms 
when  the  lower  intestines  are  obstructed  by  hardened 
dung. 

On  the  day  on  which  the  physic  is  given,  the  horse 
should  have  exercise ;  but  after  the  physic  begins  to 
work,  he  should  not  be  moved  from  his  stall. 

A  little  hay  may  be  put  into  the  rack.  As  much 
mash  should  be  given  as  the  horse  will  eat,  and  as 
much  water,  with  the  coldness  of  it  taken  off,  as  he 
will  drink.  If  he  refuses  to  drink  warm  water,  it  is 
better  that  he  should  have  it  cold  than  to  continue 
without  taking  any  fluid ;  but,  in  such  case,  he  should 
not  be  suffered  to  take  more  than  a  quart  at  a  time, 
with  an  interval  of  at  least  an  hour  between  each 
draught.  The  cleansing  powder  will  be  found  an 
excellent  physic.  The  Barbadoes  aloes,  although 
sometimes  very  dear,  should  alone  be  used.  The  dose. 


OBANGE   COUNTY 


with  a  horse  properly  prepared,  will  vary  from  four  to 
seven  drachms. 


DISEASES. 


STRANGLES  OR  HORSE  DISTEMPER. 

This  disease  is  principally  incident  to  young  horses, 
usually  appearing  between  the  fourth  and  fifth  year, 
and  oftener  in  the  spring  than  at  any  other  time.  It 
occasionally  attacks  old  animals.  Few  horses  escape 
its  attack ;  but,  the  disease  having  passed  over,  the 
animal  is  free  from  it  for  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
This  disease  is  usually  considered  contagious,  but  we 
are  not  clear  upon  this  point ;  however,  it  will  be  well 
to  separate  the  patient  from  healthy  animals.  This  we 
would  recommend  in  all  cases  of  catarrhal  affection. 

SYMPTOMS, — It  is  generally  preceded  by  cough,  with 
a  discharge  from  the  nostrils  of  a  yellowish  color, 


fiTDD   BOOK.  99 

mixed  with  pus,  generally  without  smell ;  the  mem- 
brane of  the  nose  intensely  red,  a  swelling  under  the 
throat  which  increases,  accompanied  by  a  fever,  a 
disinclination  to  eat,  and  a  considerable  thirst,  but 
after  a  gulp  or  two  the  horse  ceases  to  drink.  In 
attempting  to  swallow,  a  convulsive  cough  comes  on, 
which  threatens  to  suffocate  the  animal  and  the 
mouth  is  hot  and  tongue  coated  with  white  fur.  The 
tumor  under  the  jaw  and  about  the  centre  of  the 
channel  soon  fills  the  whole  space,  and  is  evidently 
one  uniform  body,  and  may  thus  be  distinguished  from 
glanders  or  the  enlarged  glands  of  catarrh.  In  a  few 
days  it  becomes  more  prominent  and  soft,  and 
evidently  contains  a  fluid.  This  rapidly  increases,  the 
tumor  bursts,  and  a  great  quantity  of  pus  is  discharged. 
As  soon  as  the  tumor  has  broken,  the  cough  subsides, 
and  the  horse  speedily  mends,  although  some  degree 
of  weakness  may  hang  about  him  for  considerable 
time. 

TREATMENT. — As  soon  as  the  tumor  under  the  jaw 
is  decidedly  apparent,   the  part  should  be  actively 


100  ORANGE   COUNTY 

blistered.  It  should  be  washed  off  as  soon  as  it  rises, 
and  if  repeated  in  a  day  or  two,  this  will  abate  the 
internal  inflammation  and  soreness  of  the  throat,  and 
promote  the  suppurative  process.  When  the  glands 
remain  hard,  and  do  not  suppurate,  it  may  lead  to 
glanders,  in  which  case  the  use  of  Iodine  Ointment  as 
an  outward  application,  and  hydriodate  of  potash  in 
daily  doses  of  ten  to  forty  grains,  combined  with 
tonics,  will  be  found  useful  as  an  internal  application. 
As  soon  as  the  swelling  is  soft  on  its  summit,  and 
evidently  contains  matter,  it  should  be  freely  and 
deeply  lanced,  after  which  apply  a  linseed  poultice.  If 
the  incision  is  deep  and  large  enough,  no  second  col- 
lection of  matter  will  be  formed ;  and  that  which  is 
already  there  may  be  suffered  to  run  out  slowly,  all 
pressure  with  the  fingers  being  avoided.  The  part 
should  be  kept  clean.  The  appetite  will  return  with 
the  opening  of  the  abscess.  Bran-mashes,  or  fresh-cut 
grass  should  be  liberally  supplied,  which  will  not  only 
afford  sufficient  nourishment  to  recruit  the  strength  of 
the  animal,  but  keep  the  bowels  gently  open.  If  the 


STUD   BOOK.  101 

weakness  is  not  great,  no  further  medicine  will  be 
wanted,  except  a  dose  of  mild  physic,  in  order  to 
prevent  the  swellings  or  eruptions  which  sometimes 
succeed  to  strangles.  In  cases  of  debility,  a  small 
quantity  of  tonic  medicine,  as  camomile,  gentian,  or 
ginger  may  be  administered. 

No.  2.  Homoeopathic  treatment :  Fever  symptoms, 
Aconite,  10  to  15  drops,  once  an  hour ;  when  allayed, 
arsenicum,  12  to  15  drops. 

BLISTERING 

The  principle  on  which  they  act  is,  that  two  intense 
inflammations  cannot  exist  in  neighboring  parts  at  the 
same  time ;  they  also  increase  the  action  of  contiguous 
vessels.  Inflammation  should  be  met  promptly  with 
blistering.  Old  enlargements  and  swellings  can  be 
removed  by  milder  stimulants,  such  as  sweating  down. 
the  part  to  be  blistered.  The  hair  should  be  shaved, 
and  the  ointment  thoroughly  rubbed  in.  Care  should 
be  taken  that  the  horse  cannot  hurt  himself.  Alter 
twenty-four  hours,  a  little  olive  or  neat's  foot  oil 


102  ORANGE    OOUNTT 

should  be  applied  over  the  blister.  Apply  tho  oil, 
morning  and  night,  until  the  scab  peels  off.  Where 
there  is  a  tendency  to  grease,  blistering  is  dangerous. 
In  the  winter,  care  should  be  used  that  the  horse  does 
not  take  cold  in  the  part  blistered. 

INFLAMMATION  OP  THE  KIDNEYS, 

SYMPTOMS. — A  constant  desire  to  void  urine,  al- 
though only  passed  in  small  quantities,  highly  colored, 
and  sometimes  tinged  with  blood,  though  more 
generally  quite  natural.  There  is  usually  a  peculiar 
stiffness  in  the  hind  extremities,  especially  when  the 
horse  is  made  to  describe  a  circle.  Pressure  on  the 
loins  elicit  symptoms  of  pain,  and  the  pulse  and 
respirations  denote  febrile  symptoms. 

The  treatment  will  only  vary  from  that  of  inflamma- 
tion of  other  parts  by  a  consideration  of  the  peculiarity 
of  the  organ  affected.  Bleeding  may  be  promptly 
resorted  to.  An  active  purge  should  next  be  ad- 
ministered, and  a  counter  inflammation  excited  as 
nearly  as  possible  to  the  seat  of  disease.  For  this 


STUD    BOOK.  108 

purpose  the  loins  should  be  fomented  with  hot  water, 
or  covered  with  a  mustard  poultice — the  horse  should 
be  warmly  clothed,  and  no  diuretic  should  be  given 
internally.  One  of  the  best  applications  to  the  loins  is 
a  fresh  sheep  skin,  the  skin  side  inwards.  This  will 
very  soon  cause  and  keep  up  a  considerable  perspira- 
tion, which  may  be  continued  by  means  of  a  fresh 
skin  in  the  course  of  twelve  hours.  With  regard  to 
internal  medicines,  one  of  the  best  sedatives  is  the 
white  hellebore,  in  doses  of  a  scruple  twice  a  day. 
The  bowels  should  be  opened  by  means  of  an  aperient 
draught,  and  abundance  of  linseed  tea  should  be  given 
so  as  to  sheath  the  irritated  parts.  The  patient  should 
be  warmly  clothed,  his  legs  well  bandaged,  and  plenty 
of  water  offered  to  him.  The  food  should  be  carefully 
examined,  and  anything  that  could  have  excited,  or 
that  may  prolong  the  irritation,  carefully  removed. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BLADDER. 

This   is   a  very  rare   but  exceedingly   dangerous 
disease.     There  are  two  varieties  of  this  disease, — 


104  ORANGE   COUNTY 

inflammation  of  the  body  of  the  bladder,  and  of  its 
neck.  The  symptoms  are  nearly  the  same  as  with 
those  of  inflammation  of  the  kidney,  except  that  there 
is  rarely  a  total  suppression  of  urine,  and  there  is  heat 
felt  in  the  rectum  over  the  situation  of  the  bladder. 
The  causes  are,  the  presence  of  some  acrid  or  irritant 
matter  in  the  urine,  or  of  calculus  or  stone  in  the 
bladder.  In  inflammation  of  the  neck  of  the  bladder, 
there  is  the  same  frequent  voiding  of  urine  in  small 
quantities,  generally  appearing  in  an  advanced  stage 
of  the  disease,  and  often  ending  in  almost  total  sup- 
pression. There  is  this  circumstance  which  can  never 
be  mistaken :  the  bladder  is  distended  with  urine,  and 
can  be  distinctly  felt  under  the  rectum.  It  is  spasm 
of  the  part,  closing  the  neck  of  the  bladder  so  power- 
fully that  the  contraction  of  the  bladder  and  the  pres- 
sure of  the  muscles  are  unable  to  force  out  the  urine. 

The  treatment  in  this  case  will  be  the  same  as  in 
inflammation  of  the  kidneys,  except  that  it  is  of  more 
consequence  that  the  animal  should  drink  freely  of 
water  or  thin  gruel. 


STUD    BOOK.  105 

The  irritation  being  great,  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
keep  any  soothing  application  in  the  bladder,  the 
contents  of  which  are  being  continually  ejected; 
recourse,  therefore,  must  be  had  to  very  copious 
bleeding,  so  as  to  endeavor  to  check  the  inflammation 
which  exists,  as  well  as  to  assuage  the  irritation,  which 
forbids  local  measures.  It  will  assist,  to  administer 
calomel  conbined  with  opium  and  tartarized  antimony, 
to  scruples  of  each  being  given  three  times  a  day.  The 
same  means  may  be  adopted  when  inflammation 
attacks  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  and  the  spasm  pre- 
vents its  evacuation.  The  bladder  of  a  mare  can  be 
easily  evacuated  by  means  of  a  catheter ;  and,  by  the 
aid  of  the  elastic  and  flexible  catheter,  the  bladder  of 
the  gelding  can  also  be  discharged,  though  the  opera- 
tion requires  some  tact  and  skill. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  STOMACH 
AND  BOWELS. 

There  are  two  varities  of  this  malady.  The  first  is 
inflammation  of  the  external  coats  of  the  intestines, 


10G  OliA.NOB    COUNTY 

called  peritonitis,  accompanied  by  considerable  fever, 
and  usually  oostiveness.  The  second  is  that  of  the 
internal  or  mucous  coat,  called  enteritis. 

The  muscular  coat  is  that  which  is  often est  affected, 
Inflammation  of  the  external  coats  of  the  stomach, 
whether  the  peritoneal  or  muscular,  or  both,  is  a  very 
frequent  and  fatal  disease.  It  speedily  runs  its  course, 
and  it  is  of  great  consequence  that  its  early  symptoms 
should  be  known. 

The  causes  of  peritonitis  are  both  numerous  and 
various.  We  have  seen  that  colic  may  give  rise  to  it. 
Constipation  may  be  viewed  in  the  light  both  of  cause 
and  effect  in  its  relation  to  it.  Collected  'hardened 
faeces  must  naturally,  not  only  of  themselves,  be 
irritative,  but  obstructive  and  subersive  of  the  func- 
tions of  the  bowels,  and  in  either  one  or  the  other 
ways  may  lay  the  foundation  for  an  attack  of  inflam- 
mation. Certain  kinds  of  indigestible  food,  calculous 
bodies,  irritating  matter  of  any  sort,  within  the  bowels, 
may  cause  an  inflammation  of  them.  Obstruction  of 
any  of  their  passages — whether  it  be  from  the  lodg- 


STOD   BOOK.  107 

ment  and  immovableness  of  the  matters  they  contain, 
or  from  entanglement  of  the  intestines,  or  intus-sus- 
ception— must  in  the  end  occasion  inflammation. 
Over-fatigue,  and  consequent  excessive  irritation  in 
the  bowels,  will  bring  it  on. 

SYMPTOMS, — There  is  some  analogy  between  the 
symptoms  of  this  disease  and  colic ;  there  is,  however, 
one  marked  feaJure  of  the  case  which  enables  us  to 
diagnose  the  disease  with  some  degree  of  certainty, 
for  when  inflamation  has  fairly  set  in  there  is  little,  if 
any,  remission  of  pain ;  whereas,  in  colic,  the  pains 
are  of  a  spasmodic  character,  so  that  the  animal  at 
times  is  quite  easy.  The  pulse,  in  inflammation  of 
the  bowels,  is  small,  firm,  and  quick,  increasing  in 
beat  as  the  disease  increases  in  intensity, 

"The  next  stage  borders  on  delirium.  The  eye 
acquires  a  wild,  haggard,  unnatural  stare — the  pupil 
dilates — his  heedless  and  dreadful  throes  render 
approach  to  him  quite  perilous.  He  is  an  object  not 
only  of  compassion  but  of  apprehension,  and  seems 
fast  hurrying  to  his  end;  when,  all  at  once,  in  the 


108  ORANGE    COUNTY 

midst  of  agonizing  torments,  he  stands  quiet,  as 
though  every  pain  had  left  him,  and  he  were  going  to 
recover.  His  breathing  becomes  tranquilized — his 
pulse  sunk  beyond  all  conception — his  body  bedewed 
with  a  cold,  clammy  sweat — he  is  in  a  tremor  from 
head  to  foot,  and  about  the  legs  and  ears  has  even  a 
death-like  feel.  The  mouth  feels  deadly  chill,  the  lips 
drop  pendulous,  and  the  eye  seems  unconscious  of 
objects:  in  fine,  death,  not  recovery,  is  at  hand. 
Mortification  has  seized  the  inflamed  bowel — pain  can 
no  longer  be  felt  in  that  which,  a  few  minutes  ago, 
was  the  seat  of  exquisite  suffering.  He  again  becomes 
convulsed,  and  in  a  few  more  struggles,  less  violent 
than  the  former,  he  expires." 

TREATMENT. —The  treatment  should  be  prompt  and 
energetic.  The  first  and  most  powerful  means  of  cure 
will  be  bleeding.  From  six  to  eight  quarts  of  blood 
should  be  abstracted  as  soon  as  possible ;  and  the 
bleeding  repeated  if  the  pain  is  not  relieved  and  the 
pulse  has  not  become  rounder  and  fuller.  Weakness 
is  the  consequence  of  the  violent  inflammation  of 


STUD    BOOK  109 

these  parts,  and  if  that  inflammation  is  subdued  by 
the  loss  of  blood  the  weakness  will  disappear.  The 
bleeding  should  be  effected  on  the  first  appearance  of 
the  disease. 

A  strong  solution  of  aloes  should  immediately 
follow  the  bleeding,  but  guarded  by  opium.  This 
should  be  quickly  followed  by  back-raking,  and 
ejections  consisting  of  warm  water,  or  very  thin  gruel, 
in  which  Epsom  salts  or  aloes  have  been  dissolved ; 
and  too  much  fluid  can  scarcely  be  thrown  up.  If  the 
common  ox-bladder  and  pipe  is  used,  it  should  be 
frequently  replenished.  The  horse  should  likewise  be 
encouraged  to  drink  plentifully  of  warm  water  or  thin 
gruel;  and  draughts,  each  containing  a  couple  of 
drachms  of  dissolved  aloes,  with  a  little  opium,  should 
be  given  every  six  hours,  until  the  bowels  are  freely 
opened. 

Dr.  Dadd  recommends  a  method  of  treatment  quite 
different  from  the  above.  He  is  very  much  opposed 
to  blood-letting  in  all  cases.  That  bleeding  is  effica- 
cious in  this  and  other  diseases  is  certain,  but  we  are 


110  ORANGE   COUNTY 

not  certain  that  the  same  results  cannot  be  attained 
by  milder  and  other  remedies.  There  has  leen  a 
reform,  of  late  years,  in  the  human  practice  with  good 
results,  and  why  cannot  the  same  ends  be  accomplished 
in  the  veterinary  practice  ?  We  would  recommend  a 
careful  perusal  of  Dr.  Dadd,  in  "Modern  Horse 
Doctor,"  on  this  disease. 

COLIC. 

In  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  colic  is  the  result  of 
impaired  digestive  organs.  The  drinking  of  cold  water 
when  the  horse  is  heated  is  a  very  sure  origin  of 
violent  spasm  in  the  horse.  Hard  water  is  very  apt 
to  produce  this  effect.  Colic  will  sometimes  follow 
the  exposure  of  a  horse  to  the  cold  air  or  a  cold  wind 
after  strong  exercise.  Green  feed,  although,  generally 
speaking,  most  beneficial  to  the  horse,  yet,  given  in 
too  large  a  quantity,  or  when  he  is  hot,  will  frequently 
produce  gripes.  Doses  of  aloes,  both  large  and  small, 
are  not  unfYequent  causes  of  colic. 


STUD    BOOK.  Ill 

SYMPTOMS. — It  is  of  much  importance  to  distinguish 
between  spasmodic  colic  and  inflammation  of  the 
bowels,  for  the  symptoms  have  considerable  resem- 
blance, although  the  mode  of  treatment  should  be  very 
different. 

The  attack  of  colic  is  usually  very  sudden.  The 
horse  begins  to  shift  his  posture,  look  around  at  his 
flanks,  paw  violently,  strike  his  belly  with  his  feet, 
and  crouch  in  a  peculiar  manner,  advancing  his  hind 
limbs  under  him ;  he  will  then  suddenly  lie,  or,  rather 
fall  down,  and  balance  himself  upon  his  back,  with  his 
feet  resting  on  his  belly.  The  pain  now  seems  to 
cease  for  a  little  while,  and  he  gets  up  and  shakes  him- 
self, and  begins  to  feed ;  the  respite,  however,  is  but 
short,  the  spasm  returns  more  violently — every  indica- 
tion of  pain  is  increased — he  heaves  at  the  flanks, 
breaks  out  into  a  profuse  perspiration,  and  throws 
himself  more  recklessly  about.  In  the  space  of  an 
hour  or  two,  either  the  spasms  begins  to  relax,  and  the 
remissions  are  of  longer  duration,  or  the  torture  is 
augmented  at  every  paroxysm ;  the  intervals  of  ease 


112  ORANGE   COUNTY 

are  fewer  and  less  marked,  and  inflammation  and  death 
supervene.  The  pulse  is  but  little  affected  at  the 
commencement,  but  it  soon  becomes  frequent  and 
contracted,  and  at  length  is  scarcely  perceptible. 

TREATMENT. — Take  powdered  grains  of  paradise, 
1  tea-spoonful ;  powdered  caraway,  i  tea-  spoonful ;  oil 
of  peppermint,  20  drops;  powdered  slippery  elm,  1 
table-spoonful;  hot  water,  1  pint;  mixed  together  and 
given  from  a  bottle.  An  injection  of  common  soap- 
suds thrown  into  the  rectum.  Peppermint  tea  alone 
will  sometimes  afford  relief  and  a  perfect  cure.  Sale- 
ratus  is  a  favorite  remedy  with  many,  but  it  should  not 
be  mixed  with  milk  or  molasses,  as  is  often  done. 

If  the  animal  labors  under  pyloric  obstruction,  the 
following  is  a  good  preparation  :  Carbonate  ammonia, 
1  drachm ;  tincture  of  ginger,  1  ounce ;  water,  1  pint. 
Mix,  and  drench  the  horse. 

SCOURS  AND  CONSTIPATION  IN  COLTS. 

The  principal  cause  of  this  disease  is  the  want  of 
proper  management  of  the  mother.  It  is  a  law  of 


STUD    BOOK.  113 

nature,  that  whatever  affects  the  bowels  of  the  mother 
will  also  affect  the  colt  through  the  milk  it  derives, 
though  more  seriously ;  for  the  colt  must  now,  and 
until  it  be  able  to  masticate  food,  depend  altogether  on 
the  parent's  milk,  and  the  latter  cannot  furnish  it  in 
sufficient  quantities  unless  kept  on  generous  food. 

TREATMENT. — Our  first  duty  is  to  attend  to  the 
wants  of  the  mother — establish  her  health  if  it  be 
impaired. 

Stock  raisers  might  learn  a  lesson  front  nurses  who 
attend  human  parturients — they  give  the  old-fashioned 
dose  of  castor  oil  understandingly,  knowing  from  long 
experience  that  it  operates  both  on  the  mother  and 
child. 

The  milk  of  the  mother,  immediately  after  parturi- 
tion, is  the  best  kind  of  medicine  to  regulate  the 
secretions  and  excretions  of  the  offspring,  and  it 
generally  has  the  desired  effect.  There  may,  however, 
be  cases  where,  in  consequence  of  exposure,  the  foal 
may  have  diarrhea,  if  so,  it  must  be  placed  in  a 

warm  situation.     Perhaps  all  that  will  now  be  needed 
H 


114  ORANGE    COUNTY 

for  the  cure  is  some  warm  ginger,  or  caraway  tea ;  and 
a  little  of  either  of  these  simple  articles  pulverized, 
may,  with  advantage,  be  given  to  the  mother  in  her 
food.  If  the  mother  is  fat,  and  has  not  had  sufficient 
exei  cise  previous  to  parturition,  we  are  not  to  be  in  a 
hurry  to  stop  the  discharge,  but  merely  to  hold  it  in 
check.  If  in  poor  condition,  and  still  losing  flesh, 
then,  in  addition,  give  of  tonic,  and  give  freely  of 
gruel  made  of  wheat  flour;  and  while  it  continues 
the  foal  should  not  depend  altogether  on  his  dam  for 
sustenance,  but  might  have  a  daily  allowance  of  boiled 
cow's  milk,  cooled  to  about  the  temperature  of  milk 
when  drawn.  Hay  tea,  to  which  a  small  quantity  of 
cow's  milk  may  be  added,  is  an  excellent  drink  for  the 
young  foal  in  the  absence  of  its  mother's  milk.  Try  it, 
reader,  on  your  calves  also,  if  you  have  occasion. 

The  following  astringent  drinks  for  colts  is  effica- 
cious, viz.  :  Angelica  root,  1  ounce  ;  cranesbill,  2  ozs. 
bayberry   bark,   i  ounce ;    African    ginger,   i  ounce. 
Pour   on  the  above  ingredients  2  quarts  of  boiling 
water ;  set  them  aside  for  a  few  hours.    Dose :  Half  a 


STUD   BOOK.  115 

pint  every  four  hours  until  the  disease  is  checked.  If 
the  discharges  are  fetid,  add  to  each  dose  half  a 
table-spoonful  of  finely-pulverized  charcoal ;  and  if  the 
foal  be  weak  and  in  poor  condition,  allow  it  hay  tea, 
thickened  with  oatmeal. 

As  regards  costiveness,  green  food  and  scalded 
shorts  are  the  antidotes,  and  the  mother  will  partake  of 
either  with  relish.  Some  of  the  former,  if  the  season 
permits,  should  be  cut  and  placed  before  her  soon  after 
labor.  If  the  articles  fail  to  have  the  desired  effect,  a 
dose  of  aperient  medicine— caster  oil,  or  salts — should 
be  given. 

DIARRHCEA. 

This  is  quite  a  common  disease  among  horses. 
There  is  a  kind,  however,  among  grass  eaters,  that  is 
beneficial  rather  than  otherwise,  if  it  does  not  continue 
for  any  length  of  time.  Diarrhea  is  the  effect  of  an 
irritable  or  congested  state  of  the  muscous  membrane 
of  the  intestines  ;  often  produced  by  improper  articles, 
or  over-doses  of  physic,  by  over-exertion  and  perspi- 
ration suddenly  checked  by  exposure  to  cold  winds,  <fcc. 


116  OBAJfGE    COUNTY 

SYMPTOMS. — The  symptoms  are — he  frequently  looks 
ronnd  at  his  flanks,  his  breathing  is  laborious,  and  the 
pulse  is  quick  and  small ; .  the  mouth  is  hot,  and  the 
legs  and  ears  are  warm. 

TREATMENT. — If  it  proceeds  from  the  feed,  change 
of  diet  will  generally  be  sufficient.  Unless  the  purging 
is  excessive,  and  the  pain  and  distress  great,  the 
surgeon  should  hesitate  at  giving  any  astringent 
medicine  at  first ;  but  administer  gruel,  thin  starch,  or 
arrowroot,  by  the  mouth  and  by  clyster,  and  remove 
all  hay  and  corn,  and  particularly  green  feed.  If, 
however,  twelve  hours  have  passed,  and  the  purging 
and  the  pain  are  undiminished,  continue  the  gruel, 
adding  to  it  chalk,  catechu,  and  opium,  repeated  every 
six  hours.  As  soon  as  the  purging  begins  to  subside, 
the  astringent  medicine  should  be  lessened  in  quantity, 
and  gradually  discontinued.  The  horse  should  be 
warmly  clothed,  and  placed  in  a  comfortable  stable, 
and  his  legs  should  be  hand-rubbed  and  bandaged. 
Bayberry  bark  and  charcoal  are  powerful  astringents. 

If  the   disease   depends   upon   deranged  digestive 


STUD   BOOK.  117 

function,  the  liver  included,  give  a  few  doses  of  the 
following :  Powdered  goldenseal,  2  ounces ;  powdered 
ginger,  1  ounce;  salt,  1  ounce.  Dose,  half  an  ounce 
twice  a  day. 

INDIGESTION. 

The  causes  of  indigestion  are  numerous — too  little 
or  too  much  of  food,  water,  or  work  ;  bad  ventilation, 
exposure,  poisons,  damaged  or  highly  nutritious 
food,  or  working  the  animal  on  a  full  stomach,  are  all 
operative  in  producing  indigestion  in  acute  or  chronic 
forms. 

SYMPTOMS. — The  excrement  is  very  variable  in  color 
and  consistence,  often  hard  and  covered  with  slime ; 
at  other  times  soft,  when  the  presence  of  intestinal 
parasites  can  be  detected.  The  urine  is  scanty,  and 
either  colored  or  thickened  with  foreign  material.  The 
animal  is  generally  cross  and  irritable,  and  leaves  the 
stable  at  working-time  very  unwillingly.  He  requires 
considerable  urging  while  travelling,  and,  of  course,  is 
incapacitated  to  perform  his  usual  work. 

TREATMENT. — First,  if  possible,  remove  the  cause. 


118  ORANGE    COUNTY 

If  the  animal  has  been  fed  on  dry  food,  let  him  have  a 
mixture  of  boiled  oats,  shorts,  and  carrots,  well 
seasoned  with  salt,  to  which  add  daily  half  a  table- 
spoonful  of  white  mustard-seed ;  i  pint  of  pale  brandy 
to  4  ounces  of  fine  salt — dose,  a  wine-glass,  in  oatmeal 
gruel,  night  and  morning,  just  before  meals.  The 
animal  must  not  be  permitted  to  spend  half  his  time 
eating.  Attention  must  also  be  paid  to  the  water 
which  the  animal  drinks.  Throw  a  handful  of  pul- 
verized charcoal,  daily,  into  the  water-trough.  This 
will  improve  the  very  worst  kind. 

WARTS, 

These  excrescences,  arising  from  the  cuticular 
covering  of  the  skin,  are  sometimes  very  annoying  to 
horses,  especially  when  occurring  about  the  eye, 
sheath,  penis,  or  on  parts  which  come  in  contact  with 
the  harness. 

TREATMENT, — A  wart  having  a  broad  base  should  be 
treated  in  the  following  manner:  Take  a  common 
suture  needle,  and  arm  it  with  a  double  ligature — each 


ORANGE    OOUNTT  119 

ligature  is  to  be  composed  of  three  threads  of  saddler's 
twine,  well  waxed;  pass  the  needle  through  the 
centre  of  the  wart,  close  down  to  the  skin ;  tie  each 
half  separately  with  a  surgeons  fool,  as  tight  as  possible ; 
cut  the  end  off  pretty  close  to  the  knot,  and  in  the 
course  of  a  short  time  the  whole  will  drop  off.  A 
wart  having  a  small  circumscribed  pedicel  may  be 
removed  in  the  same  way,  by  tying  a  single  ligature 
round  its  base.  If  the  exposed  surface  should  not 
heal  readily,  moisten  it  occasionally  with  tincture  of 
aloes  and  myrrh ;  and  if  they  show  a  disposition  to 
ulcerate,  sprinkle  them  with  powdered  charcoal  and 
blood-root,  equal  parts.  Warts  about  the  sheath  or 
penis  should  be  removed  by  incision.  To  do  this,  we 
often  have  to  cast  the  animal — the  consequent  hemor- 
rhage to  be  arrested  with  tincture  of  muriate  of  iron, 
or  styptic. 

SLOBBERING. 

This  complaint  is  quite  common  in  rural  districts, 
where  clover  is  used  as  a  pasture.  Lobelia  or  tobacco 
will  produce  the  same  results.  This  is  caused  by 


120  OliANGE    COUNTY 

irritation,  the  article  coming  in  direct  contact  with 
highly  sensitive  secretary  surfaces,  which  always  pour 
out  their  fluids  on  the  application  of  an  irritant,  so 
long  as  it  remains  an  irritant,  and  provided  the  parts 
retain  their  normal  sensibility,  or  through  the  medium 
of  absorbents  ;  thus,  calomel  will  cause  the  salivatory 
gland  to  secrete  and  pour  forth  an  amount  of  fluid 
almost  incredible.  'A  horse  will  secrete  more  than  one 
and  a  half  gallons  of  fluid  per  hour.  The  sharp  edges 
of  a  worn-down  tooth,  or  a  tooth  in  a  state  of  ulcera- 
tion,  may  give  rise  to  profuse  salivation ;  then  again, 
a  rough  bit,  and  a  hard  master,  may  be  set  down 
among  the  direct  causes  of  this  complaint.  Indifferent 
fodder  of  any  kind,  and  impaired  digestive  organs,  are 
apt  to  produce  augmented  salivary  secretion. 

TREATMENT. — The  causes  should  be  sought  for,  and, 
if  practicable,  removed.  This  may  of  itself  produce 
relief.  If  the  trouble  can  be  traced  to  a  carous  tooth, 
let  it  be  extracted ;  or  should  the  edges  of  a  tooth 
irritate  the  inside  of  the  cheek,  apply  the  tooth-rasp, 
and  make  all  smooth.  If  any  irritation  exists  about 


STUD    BOOK.  .        121 

the  glands  of  the  throat  and  mouth,  apply  a  stimula- 
ting application  to  them,  composed  of  hartshorn  and 
olive  oil.  If  something  noxious  in  the  food,  give  the 
following : — 

Powdered  bayberry  bark,  powdered  myrrh,  pow- 
dered goldenseal,  powdered  ginger,  powdered  sulphur, 
of  each  1  ounce.  Mix,  divide  the  mass  into  eight 
parts,  arid  mix  one  in  fine  feed ;  or  gargles,  composed 
of  decoction  of  witch  hazel,  bayberry  bark,  tincture 
gum  catechu,  and  a  solution  of  alum,  either  of  which 
is  good,  when  an  astringent  is  indicated. 

No.  2.  Mix  a  table-spoonful  of  sulphur  in  salt,  give 
once  or  twice  a  week. 

No  3.  Burdock  leaves  are  said  to  effect  a  cure. 
Horses  will  not  eat  them  only  when  they  are  troubled 
with  slobbers,  and  thus  eradicate  two  evils  at  one  time. 

SPAVIN. 

This  is  a  very  common  and  formidable  disease  of  the 
hock,  and  we  have  but  little  to  offer  by  way  of  cure, 
and  the  majority  of  oases  may  be  pronounced  in- 


122  ORANGE   COUNTY 

curable ;  the  lameness  may  be  in  part  or  entirely  cured, 
but  the  spavin  cannot  be  radically  removed.  The 
principal  cause  of  the  disease  may  be  found  in  breed- 
ing from  old,  broken  down,  spavin  mares  and  worthless 
studs ;  but  the  exciting  or  immediate  cause  is  strain, 
injury,  over-work,  &c. 

The  weight  and  concussion  being  thrown  principally 
on  the  inner  splent-bone,  produce  inflammation  of  the 
cartilagenous  substance  that  unites  it  to  the  fchank- 
bone.  In  consequence  of  it,  the  cartilage  is  absorbed 
and  bone  deposited ;  the  union  between  the  splent- 
bone  and  the  shank  becomes  bony,  instead  of  cartila- 
genous ;  the  degree  of  elastic  action  between  them  is 
destroyed,  and  there  is  formed  a  splent  of  the  hind 
leg.  The  disposition  to  form  bony  matter  having 
commenced,  bone  continues  to  be  deposited,  and  it 
generally  appears  in  the  form  of  a  tumor,  where  the 
head  of  the  splent-bone  is  united  with  the  shank,  and 
in  front  of  that  union.  This  is  called  bone  spavin. 
Inflammation  of  the  ligaments  of  any  of  the  small 
bones  of  the  hock,  proceeding  to  bony  tumor,  would 


STUD    BOOK. 


equally  class  under  the  name  of  spavin  ;  but,  com- 
monly, the  disease  commences  on  the  precise  spot  that 
has  been  described. 

.  SYMPTOMS.  —  While  spavin  is  forming  there  is  gene- 
rally lameness,  and  sometimes  very  great,  but  not 
entirely  to  unfit  him  for  work.  The  lameness 
sometimes  abates  and  entirely  disappears,  by  a  little 
exercise;  but  when  the  membrane  of  the  bone  has 
accommodated  itself  to  the  tumor  that  extended  it, 
lameness  subsides  or  disappears,  or  depends  upon  the 
degree  which  the  bony  deposit  interfered  with  the 
motion  of  the  joint.  Sometimes  there  is  no  tumor  ; 
then,  if  a  sort  of  regular  lameness  has  existed  for  some 
months,  referable  to  no  other  joint  than  the  hock,  and 
the  difficulty  has  of  late  gradually  increased,  so  that 
the  joint  appears  stiff,  the  critter  is  there,  after  which 
we  may  expect  to  observe  a  tumor  on  the  inside  of 
the  hock.  A  tumor  once  formed  in  the  region  already 
referred  to  needs  no  wise  man  to  point  it  out  ;  it  can 
be  both  seen  and  felt;  and  this,  accompanied  with 


124  ORANGE   COUNTY 

hock  lameness  and  ligamentary  tumefaction,  is  the 
symptom  of  spavin  in  its  exostotic  stage. 

TREATMENT. — The  remedy  in  the  early  stage,  cold 
water  and  refrigerated  lotions;  in  the  latter  stages, 
strong  infusion  of  bayberry  bark;  and  lastly,  brandy 
and  salt,  perseveringly  applied.  Congestion  may  be 
treated  in  the  same  manner,  aided  by  friction. 

The  horse,  as  soon  as  the  lameness  or  dry  signs  of 
the  disease  are  perceptible,  should  have  rest,  and 
cooling  applications  should  be  applied.  Dr.  Dadd  says 
— Our  usual  remedy  in  the  early  stage  is  muriatic 
acid,  4  ounces;  water,  2  quarts;  tincture  of  blood- 
root,  6  ounces ;  applied  daily  by  means  of  a  sponge  as 
follows:  Take  a  piece  of  sponge,  slightly  concave, 
corresponding,  as  nearly  as  possible,  to  the  form  and 
size  of  the  hook ;  by  means  of  a  few  stitches,  affix  two 
pieces  of  tape,  or  linen,  so  as  to  form  an  X ;  each  piece 
must  be  long  enough  to  encircle  the  joint  two  or  three 
times.  After  dipping  the  sponge  in  the  mixture,  it 
must  be  applied  to  the  inside  of  the  hock,  and  there 
secured,  and  afterwards  kept  constantly  moist.  Dr, 


STUD    BOOK.  125 

Spoon er  says— If  any  external  inflammation  is  present 
we  cannot  do  better  than  commence  by  abstracting 
blood  from  the  vein  above,  and  use  cooling  applications 
to  the  hock,  after  which  we  may  resort  to  the  blister, 
or  seton. 

RINGBONE. 

Ringbone  is  a  deposit  of  bony  matter  in  one  of  the 
pasterns,  and  usually  near  the  joint.  It  rapidly 
spreads,  and  involves  not  only  the  pastern-bones,  but 
the  cartilages  of  the  foot,  and  spreading  around  the 
pasterns  and  cartilages,  thus  derives  its  name.  Ring- 
bone is  sometimes  hereditary;  though  it  is  usually 
occasioned  by  a  strain  taken  in  curvetting,  bounding 
turns,  and  violent  galloping  or  racing.  A  coarse  or 
half-bred,  fleshy,  or  bony-legged  horse,  with  short  and 
upright  pasterns,  is  the  ordinary  subject  of  this  disease. 

The  Treatment  will  be  similar  to  spavin.  In  reality 
there  is  no  cure,  but  the  lameness  may  be  in  a  great 
measure  removed  by  cooling  applications,  cold  water 
bandage,  liniments,  and,  above  all,  give  the  horse  rest 

Prof.  Spooner  says — The  best  treatment  for  ring- 


126  STUB   BOOK. 

bones  after  the  inflammation  has  been  in  great  measure 
removed  by  cooling  applications,  is  to  well  rub  in  the 
iodine  of  mercury  ointment,  washing  off  the  effects  on 
the  following  day,  and  thus  repeating  it  again  and 
again.  We  have  by  such  means  succeeded  in  removing 
the  lameness,  diminishing  the  enlargement,  and  restor- 
ing the  animal,  in  many  cases,  to  a  state  of  usefulness. 

FOUNDER,  OR  ACUTE  RHEUMATISM. 

This  is  a  very  common  disease  among  horses. 
Founder  is  produced  by  driving  a  horse,  when  in  a 
state  of  perspiration,  into  a  pond,  exposing  him  to  cold 
wind  or  rain,  or  tying  him  up  in  the  stable  yard  while 
the  hostler  washes  his  legs  or  thighs,  and  sometimes 
his  body  ;  but  excessive  exertion  alone  will,  and  often 
does,  produce  every  kind  of  founder. 

SYMPTOMS, — The  earliest  symptoms  of  fever  in  the 
feet  are  fidgetyness  — frequent  shifting  of  the  forelegs. 
The  pulse  is  quickened,  the  flanks  heaving,  the  nos- 
trils red,  and  the  horse,  by  his  anxious  countenance 
and — possibly — moaning,  indicates  great  pain.  He 


STUD    BOOK.  127 

looks  about  as  if  preparing  to  lie  down,  he  continues 
to  shift  his  weight  from  foot  to  foot,  he  is  afraid  to 
draw  his  feet  sufficiently  under  him  for  the  purpose  of 
lying  down,  but  at  length  he  drops.  His  quietness 
when  down  will  distinguish  it  from  colic  or  inflamma- 
tion of  the  bowels,  in  both  of  which  the  horse  is  up 
and  down,  and  frequently  rolling  and  kicking  when 
down.  When  the  grievance  is  in  the  feet,  the  horse 
experiences  so  much  relief  from  getting  rid  of  the 
weight  that  he  is  glad  to  lie  as  long  as  he  -can.  He 
will,  likewise,  as  clearly  as  in  inflammation  of  the  lungs 
or  bowels,  point  out  the  seat  of  disease  by  looking  at 
the  part.  His  muzzle  will  often  rest  on  the  feet  or  the 
affected  foot. 

The  feet  will  be  found  hot.  The  patient  will  express 
pain  if  they  are  slightly  rapped  with  a  hammer,  and 
the  artery  at  the  pastern  will  throb  violently.  If  the 
disease  is  suffered  to  pursue  its  course,  he  will  be 
perfectly  unable  to  rise ;  or,  if  he  is  forced  to  get  up, 
and  one  foot  is  lilted,  he  will  stand  with  difficulty  on 
the  others,  or  perhaps  drop  at  once  from  intense  pain. 


128  ORANGE   COUNTY 

TREATMENT.— Youatt  says,  bleeding  is  indispensable. 
If  the  disease  is  confined  to  the  fore  feet,  four  quarts 
of  blood  should  be  taken  as  soon  as  possible  from  the 
toe  of  each,  care  being  taken  to  open  the  artery  as 
well  as  the  vein.  The  feet  may  likewise  be  put  into 
warm  water,  to  quicken  the  flow  of  the  blood  and 
increase  the  quantity  abstracted.  Poultices  of  linseed 
meal,  made  very  soft,  should  cover  the  whole  of  the 
foot  and  pastern,  and  be  frequently  renewed.  The 
shoe  should  be  removed,  the  sole  pared  as  thin  as 
possible,  and  the  crust,  and  particularly  the  quarters, 
well  rasped.  This  must  be  done  gently,  and  with  a 
great  deal  of  patience.  Sedative  and  cooling  medi- 
cines should  be  diligently  administered,  consisting  of 
digitalis,  nitre,  and  emetic  tartar.  About  the  third 
day  a  blister  may  be  tried,  taking  in  the  whole  of  the 
pastern  and  the  coronet,  and  washed  off  the  following 
day,  and  repeated  several  times.  The  horse  should  be 
kept  on  mash  diet,  unless  green  meat  can  be  procured, 
and  that  should  not  be  given  too  liberally.  Linseed 
tea,  and  water  acidulated  with  cream  of  tartar,  form 


STUD    BOOK.  129 

the  best  drink  for  patients.     When  the  season  will 
permit,  two  months'  run  at  grass  wll  be  serviceable. 

CHRONIC  FOUNDER. 

The  principal  difference  between  this  and  the  acute 
disease  lies  in  the  less  activity  of  the  attack  and 
inflammatory  fever,  and  the  indefinite  duration  of  the 
symptoms ;  the  lameness  is  not  persistent,  but  goes  off 
after  exercise,  and  returns  again  while  the  animal  is  at 
rest. 

The  treatment  should  be  similar  to  that  recom- 
mended for  the  acute  disease— blood-letting,  poultices, 
fomentations,  and  blisters,  and  the  last  much  sooner 
and  much  more  frequently  than  in  the  former  disease. 

CRAMP. 

This  is  a  sudden,  involuntary,  and  painful  spasm  of 
a  particular  muscle.  It  occasionally  attacks  the 
muscles  of  organic  life,  but  in  its  most  common  form 
only  affects  the  hind  extremities,  where  it  is  observed 
by  the  temporary  lameness  and  stiffness  it  produces  in 

tke  hardly  worked  horse,  as  he  is  first  led  out  of  the 

i 


130  ORANGE    COUNTY 

stable  in  the  morning.  If  any  lameness  remains,  which 
can  be  ascertained  by  pressing  the  parts,  it  should  be 
removed  by  hard  rubbing,  or  by  giving  the  horse  a 
wider  or  more  comfortable  stall,  if  that  should  appear 
to  be  the  origin  of  the  difficulty. 

SWELLED  LEGS. 

If  it  occurs  in  young  horses,  and  from  those  that  are 
over-fed  and  little  exercised,  sometimes  diuretics  or 
purgatives,  with  proper  management  will  afford  relief, 
if  there  is  a  great  degree  of  stiffness  and  pain — some- 
times abscesses  appear.  Physic  or  diuretics,  or  both, 
must  be  had  recourse  to,  it  not  connected  with  dis- 
eases and  general  debility.  Mix  cordial  with  diuretics. 
Hay  bandages,  dipped  in  water,  have  a  good  effect  for 
the  agricultural  horse, 

SCRATCHES. 

Swelled  legs,  although  distinct  from  grease,  is  a 
disease  that  is  apt  to  degenerate  into  it.  Scratches  is 
a  specific  inflammation  of  the  skin  and  heels,  some- 
times of  the  fore  feet,  but  oftener  of  the  hinder  ones. 


-     STUD    BOOK.  131 

The  principal  cause  of  the  disease  is  neglected  groom- 
ing and  care,  want  of  exercise,  high  feeding,  washing 
the  feet  and  leaving  them  to  dry.  The  prevention 
will  be  proper  ventilation,  good  stabling,  grooming, 
and  proper  care.  It  is  more  likely  to  affect  horses 
with  white  feet  than  others.  Some  consider  the  dis- 
contagious. 


SYMPTOMS. — The  first  is  heat  and  tenderness — on 
applying  the  hand  to  the  heel  and  fetlock,  the  parts 
will  be  found  hot,  and  under  pressure  the  animal  will 
evince  signs  of  pain.  As  the  disease  progresses,  the 
parts  become  swolen — infiltrated  with  serum — thus 
increasing  the  inflammatory  symptoms,  and  causing 
the  animal  much  pain,  which  he  usually  evinces  by 
occasionally  catching  up  the  foot.  The  hairs  stand  out 
horizontally.  When  the  disease  attacks  both  hind 
legs,  the  pain  is  sometimes  intense,  especially  if  the 
horse  be  plethoric,  or  his  system  is  charged  with  mor- 
bid humors.  In  the  latter  case,  the  greasy  discharge 
is  very  profuse ;  for  the  pent-up  waste  matters  have 


182  OKANGE    COUNTY 

now  found  an  outlet,  which  admit  of  a  free  discharge 
of  the  fluids  of  the  body. 

TREATMENT. — Attention  must  first  be  paid  to  diet, 
ventilation,  and  cleanliness.  The  heels  should  be 
gently  washed  with  Castile  soap  and  water,  and  oint- 
ment applied  in  more  advanced  cases.  Poultice  with 
linseed  meal  or  carrots,  boiled  and  mashed,  may  be 
applied,  adding  a  little  astringent  lotion  to  renew  the 
irritation  and  check  the  discharge.  Give  the  cleansing 
powder.  The  following  will  also  be  found  beneficial, 
which  has  been  highly  recommended,  by  Prof.  Norton 
and  others :  Pyroligneous  acid,  linseed  oil,  turpentine, 
of  each  equal  parts.  Mix.  First  wash  with  water  and 
Oastile  soap ;  after  wiping  them  dry,  apply  the  mix- 
ture. Repeat  night  and  morning.  In  order  to  keep 
down  "  proud  flesh,"  the  parts  may  be  sprinkled  daily 
with  burnt  alum.  Put  on  a  good  coating,  cover  the 
«ore  with  dry  lint,  and  apply  a  bandage  over  all. 
Bandages  should  always  be  dispensed  with  if  possible. 


STDD    BOOK.  133 

POULTRY  LOUSINESS. 

Horses  frequently  become  infected  with  lice  from 
poultry  having  the  roosting  place  adjoining  the  stalls. 
When  this  is  discovered  the  preventive  will  be  to 
remove  the  roosting  place,  and  scald  and  whitewash 
the  stable. 

SYMPTOMS. — The  horse  is  seized  with  violent  itching, 
shows  a  disposition  to  rub  and  bite  himself,  strike  his 
belly,  is  not  easy  for  a  moment.  At  night  his  torment 
increases.  After  this  his  skin  loosens,  and  his  hair  and 
mane  sometimes  break  out  with  eruptions. 

TREATMENT. — In  order  to  destroy  the  vermin,  and, 
at  the  same  time,  to  cure  the  cutaneous  eruptions  and 
restore  the  hair,  take  linseed  oil,  1  ounce;  pyrolig- 
neous  acid,  3  ounces ;  spirits  of  turpentine,  1  ounce. 
Two  or  three  applications  of  this  compound  will  gene- 
rally suffice.  The  parts  to  which  the  application  has 
been  made  must  be  washed  with  soap  and  water.  The 
vermin  can  also  be  destroyed  by  sponging  the  bodv 
with  an  infusion  of  lobelia. 


134  ORANGE   COUNTY 

HIDE-BOUND. 

This  term  is  applied  to  horses  whose  coat  is  staring, 
and  skin  tight  on  the  ribs,  and  otherwise  out  of  con- 
dition. It  is  not  so  much  of  a  disease  as  a  symptom 
of  a  disease,  particularly  of  the  digestive  organs. 
Every  disease  that  can  affect  the  general  system  may 
produce  this.  Glanders,  scratches,  chronic  cough, 
farcy  founder,  are  accompanied  by  hide-bound.  Diet 
too  sparing,  or  want  of  change  in  diet,  is  an  unfailing 
source  of  it.  If  the  cause  is  removed,  the  effect  will 
follow. 

TREATMENT. — If  no  disease  appears  ab<3ut  the  horse, 
change  the  diet,  clothe  the  body  warmly,  give  a  few 
mashes  and  a  mild  physic,  or  give  alteratives ;  and 
there  is  none  better  than  that  which  is  in  common  use 
— pulverized  antimony,  nitre,  and  sulphur.  Should 
the  horse  not  feed  well,  and  there  is  no  fever,  a  slight 
tonic  may  be  given  of  ginger.  Friction  may  be  used 
to  advantage. 


STUD    BOOK.  135 

A  LIST  OP  THE 

MEDICINES    AND    RECIPES 

USED  IN  THS 
TREATMENT  OP  THE  DISEASES  OP  THB  HOBSB. 


VINEGAR  is  a  very  useful  application  for  sprains  and  bruises.  Equal 
parts  of  boiling  water  and  cold  vinegar  will  form  a  good  fomentation. 

SPIRIT  OF  SALT. —This  acid  Is  formed  by  the  action  of  sulphuric  add  on 
common  salt.  It  U  decidedly  the  best  liquid  caustic  we  have.  For  corns, 
canker,  Indisposition  in  the  sole  to  secrete  good  horn,  wounds  In  the  foot 
not  attended  by  healthy  action. 

NITRIC  ACID.— This  is  a  valuable  external  application.  It  Is  both  a 
caustic  and  an  anti-septic.  It  destroys  fungous  excrescences. 

SULPHURIC  ACID,  OR  On.  OP  VITRIOL.— When  mixed  with  tar,  an  ounce 
to  the  pound,  it  is  a  good  application  for  the  thrush  and  canker.  A  smaller 
quantity,  mixed  with  olive  oil,  makes  a  good  stimulating  liniment. 

ALOES,— There  are  two  kinds  used  In  horse  practice,  the  Barbadoes  and 
the  Cape.  The  Barbadoes  aloes  have  a  greater  purgative  power  than  the 
Cape,  exclusive  of  griping  less  and  being  safer,  and  the  action  of  the 
bowels  Is  kept  up  longer. 

ALUM  is  used  internally  in  cases  of  over-purging,  in  the  form  ot  alum 
whey— two  drachms  of  the  powder  being  added  to  a  pint  of  hot  milk.  Its 
principal  use  is  external.  A  solution  of  two  drachms  to  a  pint  of  water, 
forms  alone,  or  with  the  addition  of  a  small  quantity  of  white  vitriol,  a 
very  useful  wash  for  cracked  heels,  and  lor  grease  generally ;  and  also  for 
those  forms  of  swelled  legs  attended  with  exudation  of  moisture  through 
tbesttn. 


136  ORANGE    COUNTY 

ANODYNES.— Opium  is  the  only  drug  that  will  lull  pain.  It  may  be  given 
as  an  anodyne,  but  it  will  also  be  an  astringent  in  doses  of  1,  2,  or  3 
drachms. 

CAMPHOR.— It  diminishes  the  frequency  of  the  pulse,  and  softens  Its 
tone.  When  long  exhibited,  it  acts  on  the  kidneys.  Externally  applied, 
it  is  said  to  be  a  discutient  and  an  anodyne  for  chronic  sprains,  brakes, 
and  tumors. 

SPANISH  FLIES  are  the  basis  of  the  most  approved  and  useful  veterinary 
blisters.  An  infusion  of  2  ounces  of  the  flies  in  a  pint  of  oil  of  turpentine 
for  several  dajs,  is  occasionally  used  as  a  liquid  blister;  and  when  suffici- 
ently lowered  with  common  oil,  it  is  called  a  sweating  oil.  They  have 
been  recommended  for  the  cure  of  glanders.  The  dose  is  from  6  to  8  gr's 
given  daily,  but  withheld  for  a  day  or  two  when  diuresis  supervenes. 

GUINEA  PEPPER.— They  are  valuable  as  stimulants.  Their  beneficial 
effect  in  cases  of  cold  has  seldom  been  properly  estimated.  The  dose  is 
from  a  scruple  to  half  a  drachm. 

CARAWAY  SEEDS.— These  and  ginger,  alone  and  combined,  are  the  best 
stimulants  used  in  horse  practice. 

CASTOR  OIL  is  an  expensive  medicine.    It  must  be  given  in  large  doses, 

JAPAN  EARTH  is  a  very  useful  astringent.  It  is  given  in  over-purging, 
In  doses  of  1  or  2  drachms,  with  opium. 

CHARCOAL  is  occasionally  used  as  an  anti-septic,  being  made  into  aponlr 
tice  with  linseed  meal,  and  applied  to  foul  and  offensive  ulcers,  and  to 
cracked  heels. 

VERDIGRIS  is  usually  applied  externally  as  a  mild  caustic.  Either  alone, 
in  the  form  of  fine  powder,  or  mixed  with  an  equal  quantity  of  the  sugar 
of  lead,  it  eats  down  proud  flesh,  or  stimulates  old  ulcers  to  healthy 
action.  When  boiled  with  honey  and  vinegar,  it  constitutes  the  farrier's 
Egyptiacum,  certainly  of  benefit  in  cankered  or  ulcerated  mouth,  and  no 
bad  application  for  thrushes. 

BLUE  VITRIOL.— It  is  a  favorite  tonic  with  many  practitioners.  It  is 
principally  valuable  as  an  external  application,  dissolved  in  water,  in  the 
proportion  of  2  drachms  to  a  pint ;  acting  as  a  gentle  stimulant.  If  an 
ounce  is  dissolved  in  the  same  quantity  of  water,  it  becomes  a  mild 
caustic.  In  the  former  proportion  it  rouses  old  ulcers  to  a  healthy  action, 
and  disposes  even  recent  wounds  to  heal  more  quickly  than  they  other- 
wise would  do;  and  in  the  latter  it  removes  fungous  granulations  or 
proud  flesh.  It  is  also  a  good  application  for.  canker  in  the  foot. 


STUD    BOOK.  137 

CREOSOTE  is  much  valued  on  account  of  its  anti-septic  properties  and  In 
stopping  hermorrhages.  It  is  both  a  stimulant  and  a  tonic.  In  an  undi- 
luted  state  it  acts  as  a  caustic.  In  the  form  of  a  lotion,  a  liniment,  or 
an  ointment,  it  has  been  useful  in  farcy  and  glanders,  also  in  foot-rot, 
canker,  and  thrush.  As  a  caustic,  it  acts  as  a  powerful  stimulant. 

DIGITALIS— FOXGLOVE.— The  leaves  of  the  common  foxglove,  gathered 
about  the  flowering  time,  dried  carefully  in  a  dark  place,  and  powdered, 
and  kept  in  a  close,  black  bottle,  form  one  of  the  most  valuable  medicines 
in  veterinary  practice.  It  is  a  direct  and  powerful  sedative,  diminishing 
the  frequency  of  the  pulse,  and  the  general  irritability  of  the  system,  and 
acting  also  as  a  mild  diuretic ;  it  is,  therefore  useful  in  every  Inflamma- 
tory and  febrile  complaint,  and  particularly  in  inflammation  of  the  chest. 
It  is  usually  given  in  combination  with  emetic  tartar  and  nitre.  The  ave- 
rage dose  is  1  drachm  of  digitalis,  1#  of  emetic  tartar,  and  3  of  nitre, 
repeated  twice  or  thrice  in  a  day. 

DIURETICS  constitute  a  useful  class  of  medicines.  They  stimulate  the 
kidneys  to  secrete  more  than  the  usual  quantity  of  urine,  or  to  separate  a 
greater  than  ordinary  proportion  of  the  watery  parts  of  the  blood. 

In  swelled  legs,  cracks,  grease,  or  accumulation  of  fluid  in  any  part, 
and  in  those  superficial  eruptions  and  inflammations  which  are  said  to  be 
produced  by  humors  floating  in  the  blood,  diuretics  are  evidently  bene- 
ficial ;  but  they  should  be  as  mild  as  possible,  and  not  of tener  given  or 
continued  longer  than  the  case  requires, 

GENTIAN  stands  at  the  head  of  the  vegetable  tonics,  and  is  a  stomachic 
as  well  as  a  tonic.  4  drachms  of  gentian,  2  of  camomile,  1  of  carbonate  of 
iron,  and  1  of  ginger,  will  make  an  excellent  tonic  ball.  An  infusion  of 
gentian  is  one  of  the  best  applications  to  putrid  ulcers, 

GINGER  is  as  valuable  as  a  cordial  as  gentian  is  as  a  tonic.  It  is  the  basis 
of  the  cordial  ball,  and  it  indispensable  in  the  tonic  ball. 

HELEBOHE  (BLACK).— This  is  used  mostly  as  a  Ipcal  application,  and  as 
sueh  it  is  a  very  powerful  stimulant. 

INJECTIONS.— See  clysters. 

IODINE.— This  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  drugs  used  in  the  veterinary 
practice.  It  is  used  in  reducing  every  species  of  tumors.  It  is  used  In 
various  forms.  Iodine  of  potassium  is  best  administered  internally,  as  a 
promoter  of  absorption.  Combined  with  the  sulphate  of  copper,  it  forms 
a  powerful  and  useful  tonic ;  whilst  in  the  form  of  iodine  of  mercury,  and 
combined  with  lard  or  palm  oil,  it  becomes  a  powerful  blister,  and  a  use- 
ful promoter  of  absorption. 


138  ORANGE    COUNTY 

CHLORIDE  OF  LIMB  is  exceedingly  valuable.  Diluted  with  twenty  times 
Its  quantity  of  water,  it  helps  to  form  the  poultice  applied  to  offensive 
discharges.  The  foetid  smell  of  flstulous  withers,  poll-evil,  cauker,  and 
Ill-conditioned  wounds,  la  Immediately  removed,  and  the  ulcers  are  more 
disposed  to  heal. 

LINSEED  is  often  used  instead  of  water  for  the  drink  of  the  horse  with 
sore  throat  or  cartarrh,  or  disease  of  the  urinary  organs,  or  of  the  bowels. 

MASHES  constitute  a  very  Important  part  of  horse  provender,  whether 
in  sickness  or  health. 

MUSTARD  SINAPIS.— This  will  be  found  useful  if,  in  inflammation  of  the 
chest  or  bowels,  it  is  well  rubbed  on  the  chest  or  abdomen. 

NITROUS  ETHER  (SPIKIT  OF)  is  a  very  useful  medicine  in  the  advanced 
stages  cf  fever, 

OPIUM,  however  under-rated  by  some,  is  a  valuable  drug ;  but  it  is  a 
powerful  anti-spasmodic,  sedative,  and  astringent. 

PALM  OIL  is  the  very  best  substance  that  can  beusedjfor  making  masses 
and  balls. 

PITCH,— The  best  plaster  for  sand-crack  consists  of  1  pound  of  pitch  and 
an  ounce  of  yellow  beeswax  melted  together. 

NITRATE  OF  POTASH  (NITRE)  is  a  valuable  cooling  medicine  and  a  mild 
diuretic,  and,  therefore,  it  should  enter  into  the  composition  of  every 
fever  ball.  Dose  is  from  2  to  4  drachms. 

POULTICES.— Few  horsemen  are  aware  of  the  value  of  these  simple  ap- 
plications in  abating  inflammation,  relieving  pain,  cleansing  wounds,  and 
disposing  them  to  heal.  Linseed  meal  forms  the  best  general  poultice, 
because  it  longest  retains  the  moisture. 

SEDATIVES  are  medicines  that  subdue  irritation,  repress  spasmodic 
action,  or  deaden  pain.  Digitalis,  hellebore,  opium,  turpentine,  are 
medicines  of  this  kind. 

SUGAR  OF  LEAD.— See  under  lead. 

SULPHUR.— It  is  an  excellent  alterative,  combined  usually  with  anti- 
mony and  nitre,  and  particularly  for  mange,  surfeit,  grease,  hide-bound, 
or  want  of  condition ;  and  it  is  a  useful  ingredient  in  the  cough  and  fever 
balL 

TAR,  melted  with  an  equal  quantity  of  grease,  forms  a  good  stopping  of 
the  farrier.  But  its  principal  virtue  seem  to  consist  In  preventing  the 
penetration  of  dirt  and  water  to  the  wounded  part ;  and  it  Is  used  wltli 


STUD    BOOK  139 

the  usual  cough  medicine,  and  in  doses  of  2  or  3  drachms  for  chronio 
cough, 

TURPENTINE  is  one  of  the  best  diuretics,  in  doses  of  half  an  ounce,  and 
made  into  a  ball  with  linseed  meal  and  powdered  ginger.  The  oil  of  tur- 
pentine is  an  excellent  anti-spasmodic.  For  the  removal  of  colic  It  stands 
unrivalled. 

ZINC  (CALAMINB  POWDKR).— Five  parts  of  lard  and  one  of  resin  are 
melted  together,  and  when  these  begin  to  get  cool,  two  parts  of  the  cala- 
mine,  reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  are  stirred  in.  If  the  wound  is 
not  healthy,  a  small  quantity  of  common  turpentine  may  be  added.  This 
talve  justly  deserves  the  name  which  it  has  gained— "The  Healing  Oint- 
nent."  The  calaraine  is  sometimes  sprinkled  with  advantage  on  cracked 
aeels  and  superficial  sores. 


RECEIPTS. 


LINIMENT.—  Two  ounces  oil  of  spike,  2  do.  origanum,  2  do. 
iem  ock,  2  do.  wormwood,  4  do.  sweet  oil,  2  do.  spts.  ammonia,  2  do.  gum 
camphor,  2  do.  si  ts.  turpentine,  and  1  quart  of  proof  spirits  95  per  cent. 
Hix  well  together,  and  bottle  tight. 

For  sprains,  bruises,  lameness,  Ac.,  Ao.,  the  above  liniment  cannot  be 
equalled,  and  is  actually  worth  $100  to  any  person  keeping  valuable 
aorses.  Omit  the  turpentine,  and  you  have  the  best  liniment  ever  made 
/or  human  ails,  such  as  rheumatism,  sprains,  &c.  Whenever  an  outward 
Application  is  required,  try  it,  and  prove  its  virtues.  It  acts  like  magic. 

RHEUMATIC  LINIMENT.—  Take  alcohol,  #  pint  ;  oil  of  origanum,  #  oz.  ; 
cayenne,  %  oz.  ;  gum  myrrh,  X  oz.  ;  1  tea-spoonful  of  lobelia,  and  let  at 
stand  one  day,  then  bathe  the  part  affected.  We  paid  85  for  this  recipe. 

RELIEF  LINIMENT.—  Take  #  Pint  linseed  oil,  add  #  Pint  spts.  turpentine, 
1  oz.  origanum,  and  1  oz.  oil  of  vitriol  ;  an  excellent  liniment  for  rheuma- 
tism, sprains,  bruises,  Ac.  Try  and  prove  It. 

CHLOROFORM  LLNLMENT.—  For  relieving  suffering  in  case  of  burns,  Ac. 
Ml*  chloroform  and  cod-liver  oil. 

SOAP  LINIMENT.—  Take  1  oz.  origanum,  1  oz.  Castile  soap,  1  pint  alcouoU 
For  swellings,  Ac. 


140  CHANGE   COUNTT 


GENERAL  LINIMENT.— Turpentine,  one  half-pint:  linseed  oil,  one  half- 
pint;;  aquamonla,  4  oz. ;  tr.  of  iodine,  1.  Shake  it  all  well.  This  Is  used 
for  different  things  spoken  of  In  the  different  receipts,  sores  or  swellings, 
sprains,  Ac. 

BLACK  LINIMENT.— This  Is  good  to  apply  on  poll-evil— fistula.  Take  of 
linseed  oil,  #  pint;  tr.  of  iodine,  3  oz. ;  turpentine,  4  oz. ;  oil  of  origanum, 
1  oz.  Shake  all  well,  and  apply  it  every  day.  Rub  It  in  well  with  your 
hand.  Wash  the  part  clean  with  soap  and  water  before  applying  it.  This 
Is  good  on  any  swelling. 

JOHNSTON'S  LINIMENT.— Take  oil  of  origanum,  1  oz. ;  alcohol,  one  half 
plntt  oil  of  cedar,  one  half  ounce ;  oil  of  cloves,  one  half  ounce ;  turpen- 
tine, one  half  ounce ;  olive  oil,  8  ounces.  Shake  all  well.  This  is  used  for 
almost  all  complaints  of  the  muscles. 

OPODELDOC.— Take  alcohol,  half  a  gallon ;  2  pounds  of  Castile  soap,  4 
oz.  gum  camphor,  2  oz.  oil  of  amber;  place  the  alcohol  Into  a  pot  in  hot 
water,  shave  up  the  soap,  and  keep  it  hot  until  all  dlsolves,  and  you  have 
the  old  original  opodeldoc. 

GREEN  OINTMENT,— Take  6  Ibs.  lard,  put  into  ten-gallon  kettle,  add  2 
gallons  of  water,  cut  jimpson-weeds  and  fill  them  in  and  cook  them  four 
to  six  hours,  slow,  and  cook  all  the  water  out,  then  put  into  jars.  Add  to 
each  pound  of  ointment  1  ounce  of  turpentine.  This  is  a  good  and  cheap 
stable  ointment— good  for  galls,  cuts,  scratches,  Ac. 

SLOAN'S  OINTMENT.— Take  mutton  tallow,  4  Ibs. ;  beeswax,  one  half- 
pound  ;  resin,  one  half-pound ;  turpentine,  3  oz.  Melt  over  a  slow  fire, 
and,  when  partly  cold,  add  the  turpentine,  and  you  have  the  same  oint- 
ment. Sloan  sells  to  cure  everything;  try  it,  and  prove  its  value. 

IODINE  OINTMENT.— Get  1  oz.  of  the  grease  iodine,  1  pint  of  alcohol.  Let 
this  stand  in  the  sun  two  days,  and  this  is  the  tincture  of  iodine.  Take  2 
oz.  of  tincture  and  one  half-pint  of  lard,  mix  well,  and  you  have  the 
Iodine  ointment,  This  is  used  wherever  the  receipts  refer  to  the  ointment. 

WHITE  OINTMENT.— For  rheumatism,  sprains,  burns,  swellings,  bruises, 
or  any  inflammation  on  man  or  beast,  chapped  hands  or  lips,'  black  eyes, 
or  any  kind  of  bruise.  Take  fresh  butter,  2  Ibs. ;  tr.  of  iodine,  half  ounce ; 
oil  of  origanum,  2  cz.  Mix  this  well  for  fifteen  minutes,  and  it  is  fit  for 
use.  Apply  it  every  night.  Rub  it  in  well  with  your  hand.  If  for  human 
flesh,  lay  on  warm  flannel. 

BLUE  OINTMENT.— Take  the  ointment  of  resin,  4  oz. ;  half  oz.  of  finely- 
ground  verdigris,  2  oz.  turpentine,  2  Ibs.  mutton  tallow,  half  oz.  oil  of 
origanum,  half  oz.  tr.  of  iodine.  Mix  all  well.  This  is  one  of  the  best 


STUD    BOOK.  141 

medicines  that  can  be  made  for  scratches,  hoof-evil,  cnts,  and  la  good  to 
apply  on  fistula  after  the  rowels  have  been  taken  out. 

HOOF  OINTMENT.— Take  resin,  4  oz. ;  beeswax,  6  oz. ;  lard,  2  IDS.  Melt 
together.  Pour  it  into  a  pot,  and  3  oz.  of  turpentine,  2  oz.  of  flnely-pow- 
dered  verdigris,  1  Ib.  tallow.  Stir  all  until  it  gets  cool.  This  Is  one  of  the 
best  medicines  for  the  hoof  ever  used.  It  is  good  for  corks  or  bruises  of 
the  feet. 

HOOF  LIQUID.— For  tender  feet,  hoof-bound,  Ac.  Linseed  or  neatsfoot 
oil,  half  a  pint  of  either;  turpentine,  4  oz. ;  oil  of  tar,  6  oz. ;  origanum,  3 
oz.  Shake  this  well  and  apply  it  as  the  directions  for  the  ointment.  This 
la  the  best,  if  the  horse  has  been  lame  long ;  it  penetrates  the  hoof  sooner 
than  the  ointment.  Both  of  them  should  be  applied  at  night. 

HOOP-EVIL  OB  THRUSH,  GREASE  HEBLS.— Bleed,  and  physic,  and  poul- 
tice the  foot  with  boiled  turnips  and  some  fine-ground  charcoal.  This 
must  be  done  at  night,  for  two  or  three  nights ;  then  wash  the  foot  clean 
with  Castile  soap  and  soft  water,  and  apply  the  blue  ointment  every  day. 
Keep  the  horse  on  a  floor,  and  he  will  be  well  In  twelve  days. 

HOOF-BOUND,  OB  TENDER  FEET.— Never  have  the  feet  spread  at  the 
heels  nor  rasped  above  the  nail  holes,  for  It  will  do  the  foot  an  Injury. 
Follow  the  directions  given  here.  Use  either  the  hoof  ointment  or  the 
hoof  liquid.  Apply  it  according  to  directions.  For  hoof-bound  or  tender 
feet,  apply  It  all  around  the  top  of  the  hoof  down  one  inch  every  third 
day.  If  for  split  hoof  apply  it  every  day.  First,  have  a  stiff  shoe  on  the 
foot  and  cleanse  the  cut  or  crack.  Never  cut  or  burn  for  it. 

HOOF  An*— Apply  blue  vi&lol,  and  put  on  a  tarred  rag  to  keep  out  the 
dirt. 

No.  2.  Wash  well  with  warm  soap-suds,  wipe  dry  with  a  cloth ;  then 
take  2  spoonsful  of  common  table  salt,  2  spoonsful  of  copperas,  pulverize; 
4  spoonsful  of  soft  aoap.  Mix  well.  Spread  it  upon  a  thick  cloth,  apply 
to  the  foot,  then  confine  it  with  a  bandage.  Let  it  remain  12  hours,  then 
wash  as  before. 

HOOF-BOUND.— Pare  the  heel  of  the  hoof  till  it  is  as  flat  and  natural  as  a 
colt's,  then  take  equal  parts  pitch  pine  and  butter  simmered  together  and 
anoint  the  heel. 

HEAVES.— Take  1  Ib.  of  resin,  1  Ib.  of  saltpetre,  8  oz.  alum,  1  oz.  of  asa- 
foetidaj  4  oz.  of  sulphur.  Pulverize  and  mix.  Give  1  tea-spoonful  once 
a  day  In  his  feed.  This  Is  also  a  good  medicine  for  patting  a  horse  In 
condition. 


142  ORANGE    COUNTY 


PREPARATION  FOR  GELDING  HORSES.— Take  2  oz,  corrosive  sublimate, 
1  oz.  gum  kino,  1  oz.  red  precipitate. 

SPRAIN  IN  THE  STIFLE.— Symptoms— The  horse  holds  up  his  foot,  moans 
when  moved,  swells  in  the  stifle.  This  js  what  is  called  stifling.  There  is 
no  such  thing  as  this  joint  jgetting  out  of  place.  Cure— Bleed  2  gallons, 
foment  the  stifle  with  hot  water,  rub  it  dry,  then  bathe  it  well  with  the 
general  liniment  every  morning  and  night.  Give  him  a  mash  and  he  will 
be  well  Never  allow  any  stifle-dhoe  or  cord  on  the  foot  or  leg. 

How  TO  CURE  CORNS.— Take  off  the  shoe,  cut  out  the  corns,  ami  drop  in 
a  few  drops  of  muriatic  acid,  then  make  the  shoes  so  as  they  will  not  bear 
on  the  part  affected.  Apply  the  hoof  liquid  to  the  hoof  to  remove  the 
fever.  This  is  a  sure  treatment.  We  never  knew  it  to  fail 

CORNS.— Take  the  shoe  off  and  give  the  horse  a  free  run  at  grass  for  a 
few  weeks.  This  will  frequently  cure. 

FOUNDER  IN  THE  FIRST  STAGES  —Bleed  from  the  neck-vein  2  or  3  gallong 
or  until  he  falls,  then  give  the  following:  Half  oz.  of  aloes,  4  drachms  of 
gamboge,  half  oz.  oil  of  sassafras.  Make  this  Into  a  pill,  give  it,  and  give 
him  all  the  sassafras  tea  ha  will  drink ;  turn  up  his  feet,  and  fill  them  full 
of  boiling  hot  lard ;  bathe  his  legs  in  hot  water,  and  rub  them  well.  This 
will  never  fail  to  cure  in  48  hours. 

No.  2.  Physic  and  poultice  the  feet. 

No.  3.  Mix  1  pint  of  sunflower  seed  In  his  food, 

SPAVIN  OR  RING-BONE.— Take  1  pint  spts.  turpentine,  1  pint  of  oil  spike, 
4  oz.  saltpetre,  4  oz.  of  alum,  2  oz.  oil  vitriol.  Bathe  the  part  affected 
thoroughly  every  other  day  for  one  week,  and  if«this  does  not  effect  a  cure 
continue  it  longer.  This  has  cured  spavins  of  nine  years'  standing.  This 
receipt  has  been  used  with  great  success. 

SPAVIN  AND  RING-BONE  MEDICINE.— Take  of  cantharides,  2  oz. ;  mercu- 
rial ointment,  4  oz. ;  tr.  of  iodine,  3  oz. ;  turpentine,  4  oz. ;  corrosive  sub- 
limate, 3  dractms.  Mix  all  well  with  2  Ibs.  of  lard.  Color  it  If  you  like. 
Follow  the  directions  here  given. 

If  for  ring-bone  or  bone-spavin,  cut  off  the  hair  from  the  part  affected, 
and  merely  grease  the  lump  with  the  ointment  Rub  it  in  well  with  the 
n;ited  hand.  In  two  days  grease  the  part  with  lard,  and  in  four  days  wash 
It  off  with  soap  and  water,  and  apply  the  ointment  again,  So  repeat  it 
every  four  days.  If  for  wind-galls,  or  bog-spavin,  or  curb,  apply  the  oint- 
ment every  six  days.  This  recipe  has  been  sold  for  $300. 

SPAVIN.— Camphor  dissolved  in  spirits  of  turpentine,  applied  until  the 
nair  starts, 


STDD   BOOK.  143 

No.  2.  Oil  vitriol,  origanum,  cedar  oil,  Spanish  flies,  equal  parts;  3  oz, 
turpentine. 

To  CURE  RINQ-BONE  WHEN  FIRST  COMING,— Dissolve  one  quarter-pound 
of  salt-petre  in  one  quart  soft  water,  and  wash  with  it  twice  a  day.  This 
will  stop  the  growth  and  lameness,  and  not  remove  the  hair, 

RING-BONE,— Take  of  spts.  turpentine,  oil  of  spite,  of  eaeh  1  oz. ;  bottle 
and  mix  well ;  then  add  1  oz.  of  oil  vitriol.  Bathe  the  diseased  part  well 
for  three  days,  and  drive  It  in  by  the  application  of  a  hot  iron ;  then  sus- 
pend it  for  three  days  to  prevent  the  part  becoming  too  sore,  then  apply 
the  remedy  again.  The  sore  should  be  treated  with  lard  or  ointment 
This  will  cure  the  disease  if  not  of  too  long  standing. 

POLL  EVIL,— Cure  before  It  breaks.  Run  a  rowel  or  geton  from  the 
lower  part  of  the  swelling  to  the  top,  through  the  centre  of  the  enlarge- 
ment, then  make  the  following  lotion :  Take  of  salamoniac,  2  oz. ;  and 
turpentine  spirits,  half  pint ;  4  oz.  linseed  oil,  and  4  oz.  spts.  tar.  Snake 
all  well,  and  apply  it  all  over  the  swelling  every  other  day.  Let  the  seton 
stay  in  until  all  the  swelling  is  gone  down ;  move  it  every  day,  and  when 
all  is  gone  draw  it  out.  Bleed  when  you  first  open  it.  Keep  the  part 
clean, 

POLL  ETTL  AFTER  IT  BREAKS,— If  you  flnd  by  probing  it  that  the  pipes 
run  down  towards  the  surface,  run  down  a  seton  through  the  bottom  of 
the  pipe,  and  anoint  it  with  the  following  ointment:  Take  of  mercurial 
ointment,  4  oz. ;  and  of  cantharides,  half  an  ounce.  Anoint  the  seton 
every  day  until  It  runs  a  bloody  matter,  then  draw  It  out,  if  the  pipes  run 
down  to  the  centre  of  the  shoulders ;  then  run  down  a  piece  of  the  nitre 
ol  silver  to  the  bottom,  and  use  the  liquid  in  the  next  following  receipt. 
Apply  it  on  the  sore  every  day.  Keep  the  part  clean  with  soap  and  water. 

LIQUID  FOR  POLL  EVIL.— Take  olive  oil,  6  ounces;  turpentine,  half  oz. ; 
oil  of  origanum,  half  oz. ;  American  or  seneka  oil,  3  oz.  Mix  well,  and 
apply  It  to  the  part  affected,  after  the  nitre  of  silver  has  been  used.  Apply 
this  every  few  days  until  it  heals  up.  The  cleaner  you  keep  the  part  the 
better, 

POLL  EVIL  AND  FISTULA.— Clean  the  sore  throughout  with  soap-suds, 
sound  the  pipe  or  pipes,  flnd  their  direction  and  depth,  then  take  stiff 
paper,  roll  it  in  a  horn  shape  about  the  size  of  a  goose-quill,  fill  with 
arsenic  or  potash,  double  over  the  ends,  insert  the  pipe,  and  push  or  drive 
it  to  the  botrom.  Serve  all  the  pipes  in  the  same  manner.  It  will  break 
loose  in  three  to  six  weeks.  Cleanse  it  one  day  with  soap-suds,  and  next 
with  a  wash  composed  of  1  tea-spoonful  of  white  vitriol,  and  l  do.  burnt 


144  ORANGE   COUNTY 

copperas,  1  do.  burnt  alum,  1  of  gunpowder,  in  one  pint  of  rain  water. 
Oil  the  sore  well  after  washing. 

FISTULA Take  1  pint  of  alcohol,  half  pint  turpentine,  1  oz.  indigo. 

Apply  once  a  day. 

To  DRIVE  OFF  POLL  EVIL  BEFORB  IT  BREAKS.— Take  4  oz.  oil  of  spike, 
lof  British  oil,  one-eighth  of  white  vitriol,  1  of  extract  of  mullen  hearts. 
Apply  twice  a  day.  Shake  well  before  you  apply.  Give  the  cleansing  pow- 
der to  cleanse  the  blood. 

THRUSH  OR  SPAVIN.— Take  2  oz.  oil  of  St,  John,  1  oz.  of  oil  of  vitriol,  1 
oz,  oil  turpentine,  3  oz.  of  whiskey.  For  spavin  or  ring-bone  add  2  oz.  of 
mercurial  ointment.  This  is  a  valuable  receipt. 

CONDITION  POWDERS.— Take  2  Ibs,  of  resin,  1  ib.  ginger,  1  Ib.  cassar,  x 
Ib.  saltpetre.  Pulverize  fine  and  mix  together.  Give  1  table-spoonful 
every  other  day. 

WATER  FARCY.— This  is  a  swelling  along  under  the  chest,  and  forward 
to  the  breast.  Bleed,  rowel  in  the  breast  and  all  along  the  swelling,  six 
inches  apart.  Apply  the  general  liniment  to  the  swelling.  Move  the 
rowels  every  day.  Let  them  stay  in  until  the  swelling  goes  down.  Give 
soft  food— mashes— with  the  cleansing  powder  in  it.  This  is  dropsy. 

Too  FREE  DISCHARGE  OF  URINE.— Give  one  half  oz.  of  the  tr.  of  canthar- 
ides  every  morning  for  ten  or  twelve  days,  and  if  not  entirely  well,  repeat 
it  again,  and  bleed  one  gallon  from  the  neck— give  clean  food.  The  cause 
is  rotten  or  musty  grain,  or  too  free  use  of  turpentine.  Keep  him  open 
with  mashes  and  green  food. 

DISEASE  OF  THE  LIVER,  OR  YELLOW  WATER.— Give  the  following  ball  ev- 
•ery  morning  until  it  operates  upon  the  bowels.  Take  7  drachms  of  aloes, 
and  1  drachm  of  calomel,  4  drachms  of  ginger,  and  molasses  enough  to 
make  it  into  a  ball,  wrap  it  in  paper  and  give  it ;  give  scalded  bran  and 
oats,  grass  if  it  can  be  got;  when  his  bowels  have  moved,  stop  the  physic, 
and  give  1  oz.  spirits  of  camphor  in  a  half  pint  of  water  every  morning 
for  twelve  days ;  rowel  in  the  breast,  and  give  a  few  doses  of  cleansing 
powder.  Turn  him  out. 

FRESH  WOUNDS.— First,  stop  the  wound  by  tying  the  arteries,  or  by  ap- 
plying the  following  wash :  4  gr.  of  nitre  ol  silver,  1  oz.  of  soft  water.  Wet 
the  wound  with  this  and  then  draw  the  edges  together  by  stitches  one 
inch  apart,  then  wash  clean,  and  if  any  swelling  in  twenty-four  hours, 
bleed,  and  apply  the  blue  ointment,  or  any  of  the  liniments  spoken  of. 
Keep  the  bowels  open. 


ORANGE    COUNTY  145 

BBUISES.— Take  Arnica  blossoms  steeped  In  whiskey. 

CURB  FOR  BILES  ON  HORSES  —Permit  the  patient  to  have  a  rnn  for  5  or 
6  weeks  in  a  good  pasture,  and  give  a  little  physio  In  shorts  or  meal. 

CURE  FOR  CRAMP.— Give  a  dose  of  cathartic  medicines  and  hot  fomenta- 
tions to  the  limbs,  and  a  little  rest. 

BALLS  FOR  WORMS.— Barbadoes  Aloes  6  dra.,  powdered  ginger  ijtf  oz. 
oil  of  wormwood  20  drops,  powdered  natron,  2  dra. ;  molasses  to  form  a 
balL 

BALL  FOB  HIDEBOUND.— Barbadoea  Aloes,  1  oz,  Castile  soap,  9  dra.,  gin- 
ger 6  dra. 

PHYSIC-BALL.— One  half  onnce  of  aloes,  3  drachms  of  gamboge,  90 
drops  of  the  oil  of  juniper;  make  it  into  a  pill  with  a  few  drops  of  molas- 
ses :  wrap  it  up  in  thin  paper  and  grease  it ;  draw  out  the  tongue  with  the 
left  hand;  place  the  gag  in  the  mouth,  run  the  pill  back  with  the 
right  hand  until  it  drops  off,  then  let  the  head  down  and  give  a  sup  of 
water.  First,  prepare  the  horse  by  giving  one  or  two  mashes. 

LIQUID  BLISTERER.— Take  alcohol,  1  pint;  turpentine,  one  half  pint;  aa- 
uamonia,  4  oz. ;  oil  of  origanum  1  oz. ;  apply  this  as  spoken  of  every  three 
hours  until  it  blisters.  Do  not  repeat  oftener  than  once  In  eight  days,  or 
seven  at  least,  or  it  will  kill  the  hair. 

HEALING  OINTMENT.— Take  five  parts  of  lard,  one  of  rosin,  melt  togeth- 
er; when  they  begin  to  get  cool  add  two  parts  of  calomine  powder.  If 
the  wound  is  unhealthy  add  a  little  turpentine. 

GALLS  ON  HORSIS.— Bath  the  parts  affected  with  spirits  saturated  with 
alum. 

GRUBS  IN  HORSES.— Take  a  teaspoS|ful  of  red  precipitate,  form  Into  a 
ball,  repeat,  If  necessary,  in  30  minors. 

WORMS.— Give  one  quart  of  strong  tea  made  of  worm-wood  at  night, 
the  next  day  give  7  drachms  of  aloes,  2  drachms  of  calomel,  make  it  into 
a  ball  and  give  It;  give  no  cold  water  for  48  hours;  make  it  milk- warm; 
give  him  2  or  3  bran  mashes,  and  some  of  the  cleansing-powder;  If  he 
shows  any  more  symptoms,  repeat  the  dose  In  three  weeks.  This  will 
never  falL 

WARTS.— Cut  them  out  by  the  roots— take  the  tenakulum  or  hook,  run 
ft  through  the  warts,  and  draw  and  cut  round  it,  and  draw  it  out ;  If  it 
should  bleed  too  much,  take  5  grains  of  nitre  of  silver,  and  1  oa.  of  water; 
wet  a  sponge,  and  merely  touch  the  part  with  this  wash,  and  it  will  stop 
them ;  treat  it  as  any  fresh  wound— still,  every  time  you  waah  it,  scratch 
K 


146  'ORANGE    COUNTY 


the  scab  off,  so  the  scar  will  be  small    This  is  the  only  sure  way  to  treat 
them. 

GROGGY  KNEES.— This  can  be  cured  in  the  first  stages,  but  if  of  long 

standing,  there  is  no  cure     Have  shoes  made  thick  at  the  toe  and  thin  at 

the  heels ;  take  linseed  oil,  half  pint ;  alcohol,  4  oz. :  1  oz.  camphor  spirits ; 

2  oz.  laudanum— shake  and  apply  to  back  part  of  legs,  rub  it  in  well 

•  every  4  days ;  still  increase  the  thickness  of  the  shoes  at  the  toe. 

SORB  MOUTH  OR  TONGUE.— Take  of  borax  3  drachms,  and  2  drachms  of 
sugar  of  lead,  half  oz.  of  alum,  one  pint  of  sage  tea— shake  all  well  to- 
gether, and  wash  the  mouth  out  every  morning.  Give  no  hay  for  twelve 
days. 

CLEANSING  POWDER.— This  is  to  be  used  when  the  blood  Is  out  of  order 
—good  to  restore  lost  appetite— yellow  water;  and  wherever  it  is  to  be 
used,  it  is  spoken  of.  Take  1  pound  of  good  ginger;  4  oz.  powdered  gen- 
tian ;  1  oz.  nitre ;  half  oz.  crude  antimony— mix  all  well.  Give  one  large 
spoonful  every  day,  in  wet  food.  This  is  perfectly  safe. 

SICK  STOMACH.— Bleed  half  a  gallon,  then  if  he  will  eat  a  mash  give  him 
one ;  give  no  hay ;  then  give  him  half  oz.  rhubarb  every  night  until  it 
moves  his  bowels;  then  take  of  gentian  root,  4  oz. ;  fenugreek,  2  oz. ;  nitre, 
one-half  oz.— mix  and  give  a  large  spoonful  every  day,  do  not  give  him 
too  much  to  eat  when  his  appetite  returns. 

HORSE  POWDER.— For  distemper,  hidebound,  farcy,  colfs,  and  all  lin- 
gering diseases  which  arise  from  impurity  of  the  blood  or  lungs.  Take  1 
Ib.  comfrey  root,  %  Ib.  antimony,  %  Ib.  sulphur,  3  oz.  saltpetre,  X  Ib.  lau- 
rel berries,  %  Ib.  juniper  berries,  %  Ib.  anise-seed,  %  Ib.  rosin,  3  oz.  alum, 
C  oz.  copperas,  %  Ib.  masterworth,  %  Ib.  gum  powder.  Mix  to  a  powder, 
and  give  one  teaspoonful  in  his  food  onc£  a  day,  till  cured ;  keep  the  horse 
dry,  and  from  water  for  six  hours  aftetPusing  it. 

TONIC  DRENCH.— For  weakness  and  debility.  Take  port  wine,  3  oz. 
tincture  of  cinnamon,  %  oz.  powdered  goldenseal  4  drachms. 

LUNG  FEVER.— Bleed  four  gallons  from  the  neck  vein,  and  take  one  oz. 
of  aconite,  add  to  it  half  gallon  of  cold  water;  drench  him  with  one  gill 
of  it  every  3  hours,  blister  him  over  the  lungs,  then  give  him  water  to 
drink  that  hay  has  been  boiled  in,  and  to  each  gallon  of  it  one  oz.  of  gum 
arable,  and  half  an  ounce  of  spirits  of  nitre— give  this  every  four  hours, 
rub  well,  foment  and  rub  the  legs  with  alcohol  and  camphor,  until  they 
get  warm— do  not  move  him.  Keep  him  in  an  open  stall,  if  hot  weather. 

EYE  LOTION.— Take  of  linseed  oil  one  pint,  add  to  it  two  oz.  of  spirits  of 


STU1>    BOOK.  147 


ether,  gum  camphor  half  an  oz.  Let  it  stand  in  some  warm  place  until 
the  oil  cats  the  gum,  and  it  Is  fit  for  use. 

STING  OP  BEES.— Take  olive  oil,  and  lime  water,  equal  parts.  Apply  it 
externally. 

EYE-WASH.— Take  of  sugar  of  lead  2  drachms,  white  vitriol  1  drachm, 
add  to  this  1  quart  of  soft  water;  let  it  stand  for  6  or  9  hours,  and  it  is  fit 
for  use.  Wash  the  eyes  out  well  every  morning,  after  first  washing  the 
eyes  out  well  witn  cold  water;  foi'ow  to  is  up  for  3  or  4  weeks,,  and 
then  if  the  eyes  are  not  much  better,  bleed  aid  give  a  mild  physic.  The 
horse  should  be  kept  on  low  diet,  and  not  over  heated  or  worked  too  hard ; 
scalded  shorts  an-l  oats  are  good. 

MANGE  AND  SURFEIT.— Bleed  and  physic,  then  take  sulphur  one-half 
pound,  2  pounds  lard ;  mix  well,  grease  the  part  affected  every  three  or 
four  days,  stand  the  horse  in  the  son  until  all  dries  in,  give  him  a  few 
doses  of  the  cleansing-powder. 

CONTRACTION  OF  THE  NECK.— IT  it  is  taken  in  the  first  stages,  bleed  from 
the  neck  two  gallons,  then  ferment  or  bathe  the  part  well  with  hot  water, 
rub  it  dry  and  take  the  general  liniment  and  apply  it  every  day,  two  or 
three  times ;  this  will  cure.  If  it  is  of  long  standing,  then  blister  all  along 
the  part  affected,  with  the  liquid  blister.  Do  this  every  three  weeks  until 
he  is  well,  and  rub  with  the  white  ointment. 

DROPS  TO  MAKE  OLD  HORSES  YOUNG.— Take  the  tr.  of  asafoetida  1  oz. ;  tr. 
of  cantharides,  1  oz. ;  oil  of  cloves,  1  oz. ;  oil  of  cinnamon,  1  oz. ;  antimony, 
2  oz. ;  fenugreek,  one  oz. ;  fourth  proof  brandy,  half  gallon ;  let  it  stand  ten 
or  twelve  days,  and  give  ten  drops  in  a  pail  of  water— or  one  gallon. 


148  ORANGE    COUNTY 


AN  EDITOR'S  TROTTERS. 


Robert  Banner's  Stables.    His  latest  purchases.     Gossip  ^«dowt 
famous  Ifoadstera. 


There  is  a  widespread  passion  in  America  for  the  ownership  of  trotMng 
horses,  and  in  this  respect  Mr.  Bonner,  the  editor  of  the  New  York  Ledger, 
is  unusually  fortunate.  The  perfection  of  his  stables  is  a  matter  of  na- 
tional comment,  for,  with  beauty  of  architecture,  they  combine  every 
requisite  for  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  horses.  The  ventilation  and 
drainage  are  excellent.  Every  stall  has  a  false  floor,  through  which  all 
refuse  passes  to  a  sub-floor  of  cement,  whence  it  Is  carried  into  the  sew- 
ers. The  floor  on  which  the  horse  stands  is  perfectly  level,  thus  avoid- 
ing that  straining  of  the  tendons  of  the  legs  consequent  upon  the  stand- 
Ing  on  an  inclined  surface.  The  sides  of  the  boxes  are  of  smooth  wood- 
en panels,  which  present  no  hold  for  the  horse  to  seize  with  his  teeth,  and 
thus  prevents  his  acquiring  the  habits  of  biting  and  "  cribbing."  The  par- 
titions are  carried  high  enough  to  prevent  the  horses  from  annoying  each 
other;  the  doors  are  or  ornamental  iron  work,  and  around  the  building, 
outside,  is  a  tan-bark  walk  for  exercising  thp  horses  in  bad  weather.  Ev- 
ery appliance  that  could  possibly  reduce  labor  and  Improve  the  condition 
of  the  horses  has  been  adopted. 

The  first  horse  the  visitor  inquires  for  is  Dexter,  undoubtedly  the  high- 
est type  of  the  American  trotter.  He  is  a  brown  horse,  with  white  legs, 
stands  15^  hands  high,  and  is  13  years  old.  His  head  and  neck  are  finely 
formed,  his  eyes  brilliant,  his  shoulders  well  placed,  his  legs  and  feet 


BOOK.  149 


firm,  and  his  back  and  loins  powerful.  For  a  horse  of  hla  size,  his  thighs 
ar«  immense.  It  is  almost  unnecessary  to  allude  to  his  breeding.  He  can 
be  traced  to  imported  Messenger  on  the  sire's  side,  and  to  imported 
Diomed  ( the  winner  of  the  first  English  Derby )  on  the  dam's  side.  He 
was  first  trained  by  Hiram  Woodruff,  and  it  is  not  a  little  singular  that  in 
Mr.  Bonner's  stable,  standing  in  adjoining  stalls,  are  the  two  horses 
(Dexter  and  Peerless)  behind  which  Hiram  Woodruff  made  the  best 
time  he  ever  made  in  his  life,  driving  the  former  in  harness  and  the  lat- 
ter to  wagon,  in  2:23^.  But  Woodruff  died  before  Dexter's  speed  was 
fully  developed,  though  he  had  a  premonition  that  even  the  2:18  1-5 
which  he  had  seen  him  make  under  the  saddle  on  the  Fashion  Course 
would  in  time  be  surpassed.  He  was  right  in  this  expectation,  for  10,000 
people  saw  Dexter  trot  a  heat  against  Ethan  Allen  and  his  running  mate 
in  2:16,  although  by  an  unjust  regulation,  the  horse  was  not  allowed  to 
claim  that  record.  It  is  not  asserted,  however,  that  he  is  entitled  to  the 
record  of  2 :16  as  a  winning  record,  but  that  it  Is  justly  his  due  aa  the  time 
record  of  a  public  performance. 

Budd  Doble  has  stated  that  he  drove  him  in  2:14tf  in  private,  while  in 
a  public  race  he  drove  him  in  2 :17#,  and  a  half  mile  in  1 :06.  Good  judges 
believe  that  by  far  his  greatest  achievement  was  the  day  when  Mr.  Bonner 
drove  him  on  the  Prospect  Park  Course,  wagon  and  driver  weighing  319# 
pounds,  in  2:21%— a  performance  which,  considering  the  weight  carried 
and  the  state  of  the  track,  was  equal  to  2:14.  It  is  now  four  years  since 
Mr.  Bouner  gave  his  check  for  33,000  for  Dexter,  and  withdrew  the  horse 
from  the  turf,  and  there  is  little  doubt  that  Dexter's  speed  is  greater  now 
than  it  was  when  he  trotted  In  2 :17&"  in  Buffalo  in  the  hands  of  Budd 
Doble.  When  Mr.  Bonner  purchased  him  it  was  gaid  that  he  would  be  val- 
ueless, as  he  could  not  be  driven  with  safety  on  the  road.  But  kindness 
and  good  management  produced  their  legitimate  results,  and  Mr.  Bonner 
drives  him  regularly  on  the  road  and  through  Central  Park. 

In  the  next  stall  stands  the  gray  mare  Peerless,  a  daughter  of  Ameri- 
can Star  and  a  Messenger  mare.  Like  Dexter,  she  was  bred  in  that  nur- 
sery for  fast  horses,  Orange  County,  and  like  him  also  was  educated  by 
Hiram  Woodruff,  who  drove  her  in  public  a  mile  to  wagon  in  2:23^— a 
performance  which  only  Dexter  has  surpassed.  Peerless  has  proved  a 
failure  as  a  brood  mare,  but  is  a  favorite  roadster  with  Mr.  Bonner,  who- 
often  drives  her  double  with  the  veteran  Lantern,  the  two  making  a  fine 
and  fast  team. 

Lantern  comes  next,  and  it  is  only  the  curve  of  the  back  that  shows  his 
age,  for  his  eye  is  as  bright  and  his  legs  as  clean  as  on  the  day  he  trotted 


150  ORANGE   COUNTY 


his  famous  double-team  match  against  Ethan  Allen  and  mate,  14  years 
ago.  Although  24  years  old,  he  is  still  fast,  and  makes  an  excellent  com- 
panion for  Peerless,  lew  being  able  to  pass  them  on  the  road.  In  the  next 
stall  stands  the  California  mare  Princess,  the  once  famous  opponent  of 
Flora  Temple.  She  was  purchased  as  a  brood  mare,  to  be  mated  with 
Edward  Everett,  the  sire  of  Joe  Elliott,  Judge  Fullerton,  and  Startle,  and 
has  long  been  quite  lame,  but  it  is  anticipated  that  she  will  soon  recover 
From  her  union  with  Hambletonian  sprang  Happy  Medium. 

The  stout  black  colt  in  the  adjoining  box  is  Mambrino  Bertie,  Mr. 
Bonner's  latest  purchase.  Bred  by  Dr.  Herr,  of  Lexington,  Ky. ;  this  colt 
astonished  everybody  by  trotting  a  mile,  last  Fall,  when  a  two-year  old, 
over  the  Cincinnati  Course,  in  2 :41,  and  repeating,  half  an  hour  afterward, 
In  2:43^.  He  has  since  trotted  in  2:36^;  but  not  being  thoroughly  ac- 
climated, Mr.  Bonner  does  not  purpose  hurrying  him.  He  is  a  handsome 
colt,  wonderfully  developed  for  a  three-year  old,  and  will  assuredly  make 
a  fast  trotter  in  time.  The  bay  horse  in  the  next  box  ranks  highest  in 
Mr.  Bonner's  esteem.  This  is  the  four-year  old  colt  Startle,  by  Edward 
Everett,  which  was  purchased  from  George  Alley,  last  Fall,  for  $20,000, 
immediately  after  winning  the  Three-year-old  Stakes,  distancing  his  op- 
ponent, Lothair,  in  the  fast  time  of  2: 36#.  Startle  has  massive,  muscu- 
lar quarters,  indicating  the  possession  of  immense  powers.  Perhaps  no 
colt  ever  made  such  rapid  progress  in  trotting  speed  as  this  horse,  for 
when  Carl  Burr  purchased  him,  in  June  last  year,  he  could  not  beat  3:20, 
and  in  the  following  September  he  won  his  first  race  in  2 :36>$  Last  month 
Mr.  Bonner  drove  him  a  mile  on  the  Fleetwood  Park  Course,  on  a  slow 
track,  in  2:23,  and,  had  the  day  and  course  been  favorable,  he  could  have 
reduced  the  time  considerably.  As  Startle  is  only  four  years  old,  he  has 
plenty  of  time  for  maturing  and  improving,  and  experienced  judges  be- 
lieve that,  when  Dexter's  time  of  2:16  is  surpassed,  Startle  is  the  horse 
destined  to  do  it. 

The  bay  gelding  Joe  Elliott  next  shown,  trotted  a  heat  over  the  Sea- 
caucus  Course,  N.  J.,  in  1869,  in  2 :34,  his  name  then  being  Boyant  Colt 
Mr.  Bonner  paid  $10,000  for  him,  and  placed  him  with  Carl  Burr  for  train- 
ing. A  few  months  ago  he  made  a  mile  on  the  Fleetwood  Course  in 
2:18>£.  Bruno  occupies  the  next  box.  and  never  was  in  more  superb 
condition  than  now.  Since  Mr.  Bonner  bought  him  of  Mr.  Phyfe  he  has 
greatly  improved  in  speed.  As  a  four-year-old  he  made  the  best  record 
in  a  public  race,  trotting  a  mile  in  2 :30  in  a  gale  of  wind.  With  his  sister, 
Brunette,  he  made  also  the  fastest  double-team  time,  having  trotted  a 
mile  in  2 :25*£.  Last  on  the  list  stands  Pocahontas,  the  beautiful  daugh- 


STUD    BOOK.  151 

ter  of  the  famous  pacing  mare  of  the  same  name  and  Ethan  Allen.  A 
mare  of  more  perfect  symmetry  an<?  beauty  was  never  foaled ;  her  action 
when  In  motion  is  the  perfection  of  trotting,  combining  ease,  elegance, 
power  and  speed,  In  an  extraordinary  degree.  She  has  trotted  only  one 
race  in  public,  namely,  against  Blackstone  Belle,  at  Boston,  which  she 
won  easily.  It  is  said  an  amount,  even  larger  than  that  paid  for  Dexter, 
was  paid  for  her.  That  Mr.  Bonner  In  purchasing  her  was  not  mistaken, 
appears  from  the  fact  that  she  has  since  trotted  a  mile  under  saddle,  rid- 
den by  John  Murphy,  in  2 :1S# ,  She  Is  an  excellent  team  mare,  and 
there  need  not  be  much  surprise  if  next  season  she  and  Buruo  make  the 
best  time  ever  made  by  a  double  team. 


152  ORANGW    COUNTY 


2.3O    HORSES. 

BY   AJAX. 


Goldsmith  Maid,  by  Alexander's  Abdallah,  dam  by  Abdallah. . .  2:1T 

Dexter,  by  Hambletonian,  dam  by  American  Star 2 :17  1-4 

Lady  Thome,  by  Mambrino  Chief,  dam  by  Gano,  by  American 

Eclipse 2 :18  1-4 

American  Girl,  by  Amos'  Clay,  dam  said  to  be  thoroughbred...  2:19 

George  Palmer,  by  the  Bogus  horse,  dam  a  Clay  mare 2 :19  1-4 

Flora  Temple,  by  One-Eyed  Hunter 2:19  3-4 

Henry,  by  Magna  Charta 2:20  1-4 

Mountain  Boy,  by  Edward  Everett,  dam  by  Roebuck 2 :20  1-2 

General  Butler,  by  Smitn  mirr,  uy  isapoieuu 2:21 

Holla  Golddust,  by  Golddust,  to  saddle 2:21 

George  Wilkes,  by  Hambletonian 2:22 

Princess,  by  Michael  Reaker 2:22 

Jay  Gould,  by  Hambletonian,  dam  by  American  Star 2 :22 

Rockingham,  to  saddle 2:22  1-4 

Lucy,  byG.  M.  Patchen,  dam  May  Day "... 2:22  1-2 

G.  M.  Patchen,  by  C.  M.  Clay,  dam  by  Trustee 2 :22  1-2 

Fearnaught,  by  Young  Morrill 2:23  1-4 

Bashaw,  Jr.,  by  Green's  Bashaw 2:23  1-2 

Rhode  Island,  by  Whitehall,  by  North  American 2:23  1-2 

Hotspur,  by  Ethan  Allen,  dam  by  Abdallah 2 :23  1-2 

Billy  Bafrr,  (formerly  W.  B.  Whiteman,)  by  Ethan  Allen 2:23  3-4 

Kirkwood,  by  Green's  Bashaw :  2:24 

Draco  Prince,  by  Draco,  dam  Vermont  Black  Hawk 2:24 

Ch.  Medoc,  ( formerly  John  Morgan,)  by  Pilot,  dam  by  Medoc. . .  2 :24 


STUD   BOOK.  15& 


Beppo,  by  Hambletonian,  dam  by  Abdallah 2:24  1-2 

Chicago,  ( formerly  Rocky,)  by  Ole  Ball,  by  Pilot,  dam  by  Amer- 
ican Eclipse -. 2:24 

Toronto  Chief,  by  Royal  George 2:24  1-4 

Major  Allen,  ( formerly  Locust, )  by  Young  Ethan  Allen 2 :24  1-4 

California  Damsel,  by  son  of  Long  Island  Black  Hawk 2 :24  1-2 

Prince  Hartford,  by  Nonpareil,  son  of  Long  Island  Black  Hawk  2:24  1-2 

Pilot  Temple,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  dam  Flora  Temple's  dam 2 :24  1-2 

Myron  Perry,  by  Young  Columbus,  dam  by  Hopkins'  Abdallah..  2:24  1-2 

Green  Mountain  Maid,  by  Harris'  Hambletonlan 2 :24  3-4 

Silas  Rich,  by  Young  Priam 2 :24  8-4 

Clara  G.,  to  saddle 2:25 

G.M.  Patchen,  Jr.,  (California  Patchen,)  by  G.  M.  Patchen, 

dam  Bellf ounder  mare 2 :25 

\V.  H.Allen,  by  Volunteer,  dam  by  Abdallah 2:25 

Mac ..* 2:25 

Commordore  Vanderbilt,  by  Young  Columbus. .. '.  2:25 

Frank  Vernon,  (formerly  Panic,)  by  Sherman's  Black  Hawk 

( North  Horse,)  dam  Vermont  Hambletonlan 2:25 

Ethan  Allen,  by  Hill's  Black  Hawk 2:25 

Yellow  Jacket •. 2:25 

Lancet,  by  Vermont  Black  Hawk,  to  saddle 2 :25 

Brown  Dick,  by  2d  Star 2:25  1-4 

Gray  Eagle,  (thoroughbred,)  by  Gray  Eagle,  dam  by  imp.  Trus- 
tee   2:25  1-2 

Fannie  Allen,  by  Ethan  Allen,  dam  Cherub,  by  Abdallah 2 :25  1-2 

Gray  Mack,  by  son  of  Hill's  Black  Hawk 2:25  1-2 

Centreville,  by  Henry  Clay 2:25  1-2 

Ttcony,  by  Sportsman 2:25  1-2 

Nonesuch,  by  Daniel  Lambert,  by  Ethan  Allen,  dam  by  son  of 

Vermont  Black  Hawk 2:25  1-2 

Judge  Fullerton,  by  Edward  Everett 2:251-4 

Tom  Jefferson,  by  Toronto  Chief,  dam  by  Wagner 2 :25  1-2 

Charles  E.  Loew,  by  G.  M.  Patchen,  dam  by  Abdallah 2 :25  1-2 

J.J.Bradley 2:25  1-2 

Byron,  by  Field's  Royal  George,  dam  by  Morgan 2 :25  1-2 

Harry  Barley,  ( formerly  Columbia  Chief,)  by  Young  Columbus, 

dam  by  Harris' Hambletonian 2:253-4 

Jeff  Davis 2:253-4 

Colonel  Russell , ,.  2:25  3-4 

License 2:25  3-4 


154  ORANGE    COUNTY 


Belle  Strickland,  by  Eaton  Horse 2:26 

Billy  Haskins,  by  Ed  Forest,  dam  Pilot,  Jr 2:26 

Belle  of  Portland 2:26 

Tattler,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  dam  by  Medoc 2:26 

Tackey,  by  Pilot,  Jr 2:26 

W.  K.  Thomas,  by  Osceola,  by  son  of  Pilot 2:26 

May  Queen,  by  May  Day 2:26 

Confidence 2:26 

Huntress,  by  Volunteer,  dam  by  American  Star , . . .  2 :26 

Triumph,  ( formerly  Joe ) 2:25  1-4 

Ben  Gumming,  by  Columbus,  dam  Mambrmo 2 :26 

H.  W.  Genet,  by  son  of  G.  M.  Patchen 2:26 

LadySuffolk,  by  Engineer 2:26 

Surprise,  by  Harry  Clay 2:26 

Cooly,  by  Daniel  Boone  (a  pacer) 2:26 

Leviathan,  to  saddle 2:26 

Sleepy  John *2:26  1-4 

Bay  Whalebone 2:261-4 

Lady  Emma,  by  Jupiter,  dara  by  Abdullah 2 :26  1-4 

Royal  John,  by  Woodstock  Merrill.... 2:26  1-4 

Queen  of  the  West,  by  Pilot,  Jr 2:26  1-4 

Stockbridge  Chief 2 :26  1-2 

Black  Mack 2 :26  1-2 

Matthew  Smith 2 :26  1-2 

Mohawk,  Jr.,  by  Mohawk,  by  Long  Island  Black  Hawk 2 :26  1-2 

Susie,  by  Hampden  Boy,  granrtsire  Vermont  Black  Hawk 2 :26  1-2 

Little  Fred,  damDirigo,  by  Drew 2:26  3-4 

Pocahontas,  by  Ethan  Allen,  dam  Pocahontas,  the  pacer 2 :26  3-4 

Sea  Foam,  by  Young  Columbus 2:26  3-4 

Gilbraith  Knox,  by  General  Knox,  he  by  North  Horse 2:26  3-4 

Clara,  (late  Crazy  Jane,)  by  Sager  Horse 2:27 

Idol,  by  Black  Warrior 2:27 

Highland  Maid,  by  Saltram 2:27 

Western  Girl,  ( formerly  Angeline,)  by  son  of  Bellf ounder 2 :27 

LookOut 2:27 

Sir  Walter 2:27 

Lottery,  by  Hambletonian 2 :27 

Aggy  Down,  to  saddle 2:27 

General  Taylor,  to  saddle 2:27 

Sorrel  Dan,  by  Magna  Charta 2:27 


STUD    BOOK.  155 


Lady  Woodruff,  by  Washington 2:27 

Tammany,  by  son  of  Rising  Sun 2:27 

Ben  Higdon,  by  Abdallah 2:27 

Uncle  Abe,  by  Young  Morrill 2:27 

Tennessee,  by  Commodore,  dam  by  Hill's  Black  Hawk 2 :27 

Prince,  en.,  by  Jupiter  Abdallah,  dam  by  Trustee 2 :27 

Lady  Mac,  to  saddle  (Hamb.etonian) 2:2T 

North  Star  Mambrino,  by  Mainbrino  Chief 2 :2T  1-4 

Star  of  the  West 2:27  1-4 

Lydia  Thompson,  by  Wild  Wagoner,  by  G.  M.  Patchen 2 :27  1-2 

Draco,  by  Young  Morrill 2:27  1-2 

Rapid,  by  Toronto  Chief,  to  saddle 2:27  1-2 

Chicago  Jack,  by  Mernck  Horse,  to  saddle 2:27  1-2 

Clarence 2:27  1-2 

Commodore  Nutt,  by  Grantham  Chief,  by  Royal  George 2 :27  1-2 

Mollie,  Delphi's  dam,  by  Abd-el-Kader 2:271-2 

Black  Douglass,  by  Henry  Clay 2:27  1-2 

Ed  White 2:271-2 

Dreadnaught 2:27  1-2 

Mainbrino  Pilot,  by  Mambrino  Chief,  dam  by  Pilot,  to  saddle. . .  2:27  1-2 

Traveler 2:27  1-2 

Sleepy  John,  dam  by  Red  Bird 2:27  1-2 

Shark,  by  Hambletonian,  dam  the  grandam  of  Dexter,  to  sad- 
dle   2:27  3-4 

Shep.  Knap,  Jr.,  by  Shep.  Knap,  he  by  Eaton  Horse. 2:27  3-4 

Jessie  Wales,  by  Ajax,  double 2:27  3-4 

Darkness,  by  Mambrino  Chief,  grandam  by  Pilot,  double 2 :27  3-4 

James  H.  Burke,  ( late  Governor  Morgan) '. 2:27  3-4 

Belle  of  Saratoga,  by  Vermont  Black  Hawk 2 :23 

Auburn  Horse,  by  Champion 2:28 

Fannie  Lee,  by  Ethan  Allen,  dam  by  Sherman's  Black  Hawk. . .  2 :2S 
Black  Harry  Clay,  by  Neaves'  C.  M.  Clay,  Jr.,  dam  by  imp.  Bell- 
founder 2:28 

Blackbird 2:28 

Dutchess 2:28 

Pelham 2:28 

Rocket 2:28 

Young  Woful 2:28 

Independence 2:28 

J.  M.  Botts,  by  Spaulding's  Abdallah. . , 2 :2S 

Jilt...                                                                                                      .  2:28 


156  ORANGE   COTJNTT 


Blonde,  by  Hoagland's  Messenger,  dam  by  Abdalltn f  :28 

Dutchman,  a  second  mile  to  saddle J:28 

Mohawk,  Jr.,  by  son  of  Long  Island  Black  Hawk 2:28 

Lady  Shannon^  by  Harris'  Hambletonian 2 :28 

Tartar,  by  Royal  George 2:28 

Grey  Jack,  of  Morgan  blood 2:23  1-4 

Miller's  Damsel,  by  Andrew  Jackson 2:28  1-4 

Twang,  by  Hiatoga,  dam  by  Am.  Eclipse 2:281-4 

Strldeaway 2:28  1-2 

Charlie  Green,  by  son  of  Abdallah 2 :28  1-2 

Lady  Garfleld 2:28  1-2 

Rattler 2:28  1-2 

Jim  Porter ; 2:28  1-2 

Lady  Shannon 2:28  1-2 

Mary,  by  G.  M.  Patchen 2:28 

B.  Gen.  McClellan,  by  Drew 2.28  1-2 

Lady Vernon 2:28  1-8 

Blackstone  Belle,  by  Brandy  wine,  he  by  Abdallah 2 :28  1-2 

Yonng  Columbus,  by  Columbus,  dam  Black  Maria,  grandam  of 

Harris' Hambletonian 2:28  1-4 

Medoc 2:28  1-J 

Le^  Sayers 2:23  3-4 

Jas.  D.  McMann 2:28  3-4 

Morrissy,  by  Black  Warrior 2:28  3-4 

Fannie  Kemble: 2:28  3-4 

Lady  Sheridan 2:28  3-4 

Grey  Hawk 2:28  3-4 

Dutchman,  ( formerly  Derby,)  by  Rough  and  Ready 2 :28  3-4 

Joe  Hooker,  Jr.,  by  Tom  Hyer,  a  Black  Hawk 2:28  3-4 

Drift,  ( formerly  Norwood,)  by  Hambletonian,  dam  by  Saltram.  2:29 

Lew  Pettee,  by  Norman 2:29 

Widow McCree,  by  American  Star 2:29 

Western  New  York,  by  Nonpareil,  ( son  of  Long  Island  Black 

Hawk.)  dam  oy  Rysdyk's  Hambletonian 2 :29 

H.B.  Patchen,  by  G. M. Patchen 2:29 

Red  Cloud 2:29 

Woful,  by  Long  Island  Black  Hawk 2:29 

Medoc,  Wh 2:29 

Tom  Parker 2:29 

Bally  Lewis,  by  Pilot  Jr 4:29 

Miller's  Damsel,  by  Edmond's  Jackson,  son  of  Andrew  Jackson.  2 :2t 


5TDT>   BOOK.  157 


Reindeer, by  Monmouth  Eclipse «:29 

Zac  Taylor,  by  Quiraby  Horse 2:29 

Honest  Allen,  by  Ethan  Allen,  double 8:29  • 

Draco,  by  Young  Morrill 2:29 

Lady  Sherman,  by  North  Horse 2:29 

Contraband,  dam  by  thoroughbred 2:29 

Old  Man's  Mare,  by  Young  Andraf  Jackson. 2:29 

Nelly  Holcomb 2:29 

EllaElwood ; 2:29 

N.  B.  Palmer .' 2:2f 

Putnam 2:29 

Fleetwood 2:29 

Rosamond,  by  Columbus 2:29 

Tib  Woodward 2:29 

Major  Edsall,  by  Alexander's  Abdallah,  dam  by  American  Star.  2 :29 

Up  and  Up 2:29 

Grit 2:29 

Nabocklish,  by  Rising  Sun V. 2:29 

Pilot,  by  Pilot,  Jr 2:29  1-4 

Ed  Foster,  by  Young  St  Lawrence 2:29  1-4 

Fanny  Lee,  by  Ethan  Allen,  dam  by  the  North  Horse 2 :29  1-4 

Lexington,  by  Lexington 2:29  1-4 

Edna 2:29  1-4 

Bally  Lewis,  by  American  Star 2:29  1-2 

Fearless,  by  Meeker  Horse 2:29  1-2 

Bruno,  by  Hambletonian 2:29  1-2 

Harvest  Queen,  by  Hambletonian,  dam  by  American  Star 2 :29  1-2 . 

New  Berlin  Girl 2:29  1-8 

India  Rubber,  by  Co  cet 2:29  1-2 

Jake  Oakley,  by  Long  Island  Blaclc  Hawk 2:29  1-2 

Warwick,  by  Ethan  Allen,  dam  Rachel 2:29  1-2 

Dutch  Girl,  by  Grey  Eagle 2:29  1-2 

Madawska  Maid 2:29  1-2 

JohnFero,  by  imp.  Consternation 2:29  1-3 

Daisy  Burns,  bySkenado 2:29  3-4 

Mountain  Maid,  by  Morrill .' 2:29  3-4 

Safe 2:29  3-4 

Lady  Ross,  by  Vergenes'  Black  Hawk,  dam  a  Clay  mare,  gran- 

damaStar  mare 2:29  3-4 

Lady  Hughes,  by  Jupiter,  dam  by  Weber's  Tom  Thumb 2 :30 

Moscow 2:30 


158  OKANGPJ    COUNTY 


Old  Put,  by  Clarion 2:30 

Lady  Sutton,  by  Morgan  Eagle 2:30 

Lady  Augusta,  by  nambletonian,  dam  by  Saltram 2 :30 

Lady  Vernon 2:30 

Lady  Jane , 2:30 

Bashaw  Maid,  by  Plow  Boy,  by  Long  Island  Black  Hawk 2 :30 

Eose  of  Washington,  by  Smith  Burr's  Washington,  saddle 2 :30 

Empress 2:30 

W.  H.  Taylor,  by  Norman 2 :30 

Norman 2:30 

Young  Riptbn , r,  2 :30 

Black  Ralph,  by  Vermont  Black  Hawk 2:30 

Black  Harry,  double 2:30 

Emperor   2:30 

India  Rubber,  Comet 2:30 

Centreville,  by  Henry  Clay,  dam  by  Mambrino 2:30 

Uxbridge    3:30 

Copper  Bottom 2:30 

Miller's  Maid 2 :30 

Tarquin 2 :30 

Tom  Parker 2:30 

Western  Metropolis 2 :30 

Fanny  Pullen 2 :30 

Long  Island 2 :30 

Ike  Cook,  by  Abdallah 2:30 

Joe  Hooker 2 :30 

Silas 2:30 

Whitebird.  by  Whitebird,  a  thoroughbred 2:30 

Mazeppa 2  ;30 

St.  Elmo,  by  Alexander's  Abdallah , 2:30 

Jack Rossiter 2:30 

Strathmore 2 :30 

Sunnyside 2 :30 

Carrol  (by  Cardinal),  by  Vermont  Black  Hawk 2 :30 

Champagne,  by  Ed  Forrest 2:30 

Dan  Mace 2:30 

General  McClennan,  by  Drew 2:30 

Washington  Irving,  by  Ethan  Allen,  to  saddle 2:30 

Belle  of  Toronto,  by  Royal  George 2:30 

Denmark  ..  .  2:?o 


STUD    BOOK.  159 


Jack  Stewart,  by  Tom  Wonder,  dam  by  Harris'  Hambletonian . .  2:30 

Lady  Hamilton 2:30 

Purity,  by  Blue  Bull,  dam  by  Daniel  Boone 2 :30 

Western...  8:30 


HEADQTJAKTERS 


LIST 


or 


BOOKS,  PRISTS  &  HORSE  GOODS, 


OP  EVERT  DESCRIPTION, 


DAVIDSON  &  COMPANY. 


DAYIDSON  &  CO.'S 


USEUL  ARTICLES  NEEDED  BY  ALL  HORSEMEN. 

Check  Reins Flat  $2,  Ronnd,  $3  00  each. 

CheckBits 200     '« 

Baldwin  Bits,  from 2  00  to    450     " 

Dan  Mace's  Trotting  Snaffle,  nkie  pit.,  A  check.  300     " 

"     full  check.  400     " 

Rubber  Mouth  with  chain  inside 1  60  to    250 

Star  Bits 2  00  to    600 

Rubber  Mouth,  stiff 1  50  to    300 

Martin  Bits  for  Bad  Horses 6  00  to  11  00 

4  Ring  Double  Jointed,  (2  joints) 2  50  to    400 

4  Ring  Single  Jointed 1  50  to    3  00 

4-in  Ring  Race  Bits,  nickle 3  00 

Rockwell  Bits,  nickle  plated 4  00 

Woodmanri's  Bits,  nickle  plated 3  00 

Curb  Bits  of  all  grades 1  00  to  10  00     " 

Clipping  Shears 1  50  to    250     " 

Clipping  Combs 50  to    100     " 

Clipping  Machines .> 6  00  to  50  00      " 

Sweat  Scrapers,  short  and  long 50  to    200     " 

Cribbing  Halters,  the  only  known  remedy  for 

this  disagreeable  and  dangerous  practice.  1200     " 

Tooth  Rasp  or  Float,  in  the  rough 3  00     " 

"               "        polished 4  00     " 

"              "        nickle  plated 500     " 

Rein  Holders  and  Buttons • 1  00  to    2  00  $  pr. 

Snow  Ball  Pods 2  00      " 

Feather  Dusters 1  50  to    6  00  each . 

Chamois  Skins 50  to    2  00     " 

Sponge,  (sheep's  wool)  3  00  $  ft . 

Carriage  Mats,  (wool) 3  00  to  10  00  each. 

Monograms  for  harness ' 3  00  to    4  00     " 

Harness  Soap $1  $  cake,  or  8  00  $doz. 

Horse  Plumes 1  00  to    4  00  each. 

Bells  to  go  around  the  body 3  00  to  25  00  f?  stg. 

Felt  Soaking  Boot 3  50  each. 


PRICE  LIST. 


Sheep  Lined  Grab  Boot 6  00  $  pr. 

Loaded  or  Weight  Boot,  any  weight 5  00     " 

Sponge  Lined  Soaking  Boots 7  00 

Shoe  Boil  or  Sleeping  Boots 6  00 

Cup  Ankle  Boots 200 

Trotting;  Rollers,  wood,  horn  or  rubber 1  00  each. 

Knee,  Shin  and  Ankle  Boots 4  00 

Bristle  Ankle  Boots 2  50 

Hound  Quarter  Boots 3  00 

Standing  Boots,  when  a  horse  stands  with  one 

foot  resting  on  the  other 3  00 

Short  SLin  and  Ankle  Boots 2  50 

Long  Knee.  Shin  and  Ankle  Boots 2  50 

Shin  and  Ankle  Boots 2  50 

Knee  Boots 3  00 

Knee  and  Arm  Boots 400 

8'iin  or  Speedy  Cut  Boots 3  00 

Knee  and  Shin  Boots 300 

Lawn  Boots  for  walking,  on  Lawns 8  50  ^  pr. 

Sandals,  used  to  carry  on  a  journey  in  case  a 

horse  loses  his  shoes 4  00  each. 

India  Rubber  Overshoes  for  horses  with  tender 
feet ;  can  be  used  to  drive  on  the  roads 
with  perfect  safety ;  no  other  shoes  re- 
quired   4  50  $  pr. 

HORSE  PICTURES. 

Splendid  Colored  Lithographs,  size  14x18.    Price  30  cents  each,  or 
the  set  of  14  for  $3.50. 

ETHAN  ALLEN  AND  MATE,  DUTCHMAN, 

DEXTKR,  LADY  FULTON, 

GOLDSMITH  MAID,  HAMBLETONIAN, 

LUCY,  FLORA  TEMPLE, 

AMERICAN  GIRL,  OCCIDENT, 

HENRY,  HARRY  BASSETT, 

LADY   THORN,  LONGFELLOW. 

NEW  RACE  HORSES. 

Harry  Bassett,  with  jockey  waiting  for  the  signal,  size  25x33,    $3  00* 
Harry  Bassett  and  Longfellow,  with  jockeys,  at  full  speed, 

size  25x33 3  QO 

SPORTING  PRINTS. 


Beautifully   Colored    Lithographs,  for  Saloons, 
Hotels,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


DAVIDSON  &  CO: 8 


ROAD  AND  TRACK  SCENES. 

Size  26x36,  each  $4. 

A  Stopping  Place  on  the  Eoad. 

Trotting  Cracks  at  Home— A  Model  Stable.  ; 

Trotting  Cracks  at  the  Forge. 

Going  to  the  Trot — A  Good  Day  and  a  Good  Track. 

Coming  from  the  Trot — "  Sports"  oil  "  Homestretch." 

Fast  Trotters  on  "  Harlem  Lane." 

Speeding  on  the  Avenue. 

A  Brush  for  the  Lead— New  York  "  Flyers"  on  Snow. 

First  Trot  of  the  Season — To  go  as  they  please. 

Size  25x33,  each  $3. 

Scoring — Coming  up  for  the  Work. 
A  Brush  on  the  Homestretch. 
Won  by  a  Neck. 
Trotting  Cracks  on  the  Snow. 

FAMOUS  TROTTING  HORSES. 

Size  25x33,  each  $3. 

The  King  of  the  Road — Dexter  and  Bonner. 

American  Girl  and  Lady  Thorn. 

Goldsmith  Maid  and  American  Girl. 

Jotin  Siewart— 20  Mile  Trot.    To  Wagon,  59:23. 

Biily  Boyce— Pacer.    To  Saddle,  2:144. 

Dexter— To  Sulky,  2:174. 

Dexter  and  Ethan  Allen  and  mate,  2:15. 

Dexter— To  Saddle.    Time  2:18. 

Dexter  and  Butler— To  Wagons. 

Dexter,  Butler  and  Toronto  Chief— To  Saddle. 

Lady  Thorn  and  Mountain  Boy — To  Sulkies. 

Lady  Thorn — To  Wagon. 

George  Wilkes— To  Wagon. 

Hambletonian,  the  Sire  of  Dexter.    In  the  Stable.  , 

George  M.  Patchen,  Jr.— To  Sulky. 

Wilkes  and  Vanderbiltr-To  Wagons. 

Gray  Eagle  (of  Kentucky)— To  Wagon. 

Flora  Temple  and  Hero— To  Sulky  and  Wagon. 

Mambrino  Champion — In  Stable. 

Flora  Temple  and  Prim-ess— TO  Sulkies. 

Flora  Temple  and  Lancet— To  Sulky  and  Saddle. 

Flora  Temple  and  Sontag— To  Wagons. 

Ethan  Allen  and  Patchen— To  Wagons. 

Ethan  Allen  and  Mate,  and  Lantern  and  Mate. 

Stella  and  Alice  Gray,  and  Lantern  and  Whalebone— Double  Teai» 

Race. 

Tony  an  i  Mac— To  Saddles. 
Great  Double  Team  Trot— Jessie  Wales  and  Darkness,  and  Honest 

Allen  and  Kirk  wood. 
George  Palmer  to  Sulky. 

Each  of  these  Prints  has  a  fine  Portrait  of  the  Driver,  urith  Time, 
day  and  date  of  the  Matches,  and  beautifully  colored. 


PRICE  LIST. 


RACING  SCENES. 

Peytonia  and  Fashion  running  their  great  race,  size  25x33. . .  $3  00 

Jerome  Park  Races— Saddling,  22x28 1  75 

Pake  Start,  22x28 1  75 

The  Race,  22x28 1  75 

Returning  to  Weigh,  22x28 1  75 

Curragh  Kildare  Races,  22x28 1  25 

Plying  Dutchman  and  Voltigeur — Running  Race,  22x28 1  50 

MISCELLANEOUS  TROTTERS,  &c. 

Lady  Thorn  and  American  Girl,  22x28 $2  25 

Dexter,  Ethan  Allen  and  Mate;  22x28 2  25 

Butler,  Silas  Rich  and  Bashaw,  Jr.,  22x28 2  50 

Dexter— In  Harness,  Driven  by  Hiram  Woodruff,  22x28 2  00 

Dexter— To  Wagon.    T  me  2:17|,  22x23 203 

Dexter— In  the  Stable  (Chrom>),  15x20 2  25 

z  Hambletonian— In  the  Stable  (Chromo) ,  23x30 2  25 

z  M  tmbrino  Pilot  and  Flora  Temple— In  t  ie  Field,  25x33 3  00 

H  tmbletonian  and  Widow  Mtchree— In  the  Field,  25x33 3  00 

Ethan  Allen  and  Pocahontas— In  the  Field,  25x33 3  00 

"  Four  in  Hand"— Tne  Drive,  25x33 3  00 

The  Road  in  Summer,  25x33 3  00 

The  Road  in  Winter,  25x33 3  00 

Going  to  the  Trot,  22x28 2  50 

Coming  from  the  Trot,  22x28 2  5t) 

A  Stopping  Place  on  the  Road,  22x28 2  50 

John  Stewart — Twenty  Mi'e  Trot,  to  Wagon.  Containing  many 
Full  Length  Portraits  of  Sporting  Celebrities,  including 
O'Baldwin,  Joe  Coburn,  Harry  Hill,  Bob  Brettle,  Ed. 

James  and  others,  25x33 3  00 

A  Crack  Team  at  a  Smashing  Gait,  24x30 2  00 

A  Trot  for  the  Gate  Money,  24x30 2  00 

A  "  Spill  Out"  on  the  Snow,  24x30 2  00 

Size  25x33,  each,  $2. 

Flora  Temple— To  Sulky,  2:19^. 
George  M.  Patchen— To  Sulky. 
Lidy  Suffolk— To  Sulky. 
Pocahontas — To  Wagon,  2:17£. 
Trustee— To  Sulky.    Twentv"Mile  Trot. 
Lexington — In  the  Field,  7:19|. 

Lady  Suffolk— To  Saddle,  22x28 $1  50 

Dutchman— To  Saddle,  7:32£,  22x28 1  50 

DOGS,  HORSES,  STAGS,  &c. 

/  Spaniel  (12  in  circle) $3  50 

z  Bull  Dog         "           3  50 

i  Right  Sort        "           .' 3  50 

z  Tan  Terrier    "                                                                           .  3  50 


DAVIDSON  &   GO: '8 


*  Bell  and  Harry,  14x18 „. $    60 

z  Laying  Down  the  Law,  23x35 7  00 

7,  Hector  and  Juno,  22x28 2  00 

7  First  Lesson  in  Ratting,  22x28 1  25 

The  Inundation— Dog  and  Pups,  19x24 60 

z  Huntsman  rind  Hounds,  22x28.. 1  25 

z  Horses  in  a  Storm,  22x28 - 1  2* 

z  Members  of  Temperance,  21x30 2  60 

Size  22x28,  each  $1.25. 
z  Horse  and  Groom. 
z  Horse  Fair. 
z  Hurdle  Races,  I.  and  II. 
z  Bayed  Stag. 
z  Weighing  the  Deer, 
z  The  Stag  Hunt,  I.  and  II. 

GAME  FOWL,  BIRDS,  &c, 

The  Poultry  Yard £0 

FIELD  SPORTS  &  GAME. 

Size  25x33,  each  $3.75. 

American  Field  Sports— "On  a  Point." 
American  Field  Sports — "  Flushed." 
American  Field  Sports — "  Both  Barrels." 
American  Field  Sports— "Retrieving." 
Camping  in  the  Woods — "A  Good  Time  Coming." 
Camping  in  the  Woods — "Laying  Off." 
American  Hunting  Scenes — "  An  Eirly  Start." 
American  Hunting  Scenes — "A  Good  Chance." 
Close  Quarters— Setter  and  Woodcock.    Life  size. 
Pointing  a  Bevy,  Pointer  and  Quail.    Life  size. 

BOOKS  ON  THE  HORSE. 

Racing  Chronicle $3  Of 

The  Trotting  Horse  of  America;  how  to  Train  and  Drive  him; 

by  Hiram  Woodruff 2  50 

b  Tattersall's  Pictorial  Gallery  of  English  Race  Horses.  Con- 
taining Portraits  of  all  the  Winners  of  the  Derby,  Oaks 
and  St.  Leger  Stakes,  from  1831  to  1850,  and  a  History  of 

the  principal  Operations  of  the  Turf •  8  00 

b  The  H(»rse  Owner's  Guide,  by  F.  H.  Walther 1  50 

b  Youatt  on  the  Horse.    Illustrated — 2  00 

b  Horse  Racing;  its  History;  and  Early  Records  of  the  prin- 
cipal and  other  Meetings,  with  Anecdotes,  &c 

b  Jennings  on  the  Horse  and  his  Diseases 2  00 

b  Mayhew's  Illustrated  Horse  Doctor 3  00 

b  Stonehenge  on  the  Horse  in  the  Stable  and  in  the  Field. 

Illustrated  . .  .    5  00 


PRICE  LIST. 


t  The  Horse  in  the  Stable  and  in  the  Field,  by  J.  H.  Walsh. . .  $2  00 

2.  Joun  Stewart's  Stable  Book 1  75 

z  Youatt  and  Spooner  on  the  Horse 175 

z  Jennings'  Horse  Training  Made  Easy 1  40 

z  Simpson's  Horse  Portraiture 3  00 

z  Cole's  Veterinarian 1  00 

b  Hmdy  Horse  Book,  or  Practical  Instructions  in  Driving, 

Rid.ns,  and  Mm  .gement  of  Horses 2  50 

b  Hints  to  Horse  Keepers  on  Breeding,  Buying,  Breaking, 

Using,  Feeding  and  Physicing  Horses,  by  Frank  Forester  2  00 
Rarey  and  Kn  >wlson's  Complete  Horse  Tamer  and  Farrier. 

Illustrated  with  descriptive  engravings 60 

d  The  C"mplete  Farrier  and  Horse  Doctor 30 

r  Turf  Fraud  and  Turf  Practices ;  or,  Spiders  and  Flies 75 

VETERINARY  INSTRUMENTS. 

Metal  Horse  Syringes.  24,  36,  and  48  oz $3  50    $4  50    5  50 

Brass  Horse  Syringes  13  00 

Reed's  Patent  Injection  Pump,  best 35  00 

Reed's  Patent  Injection  Pump,  plain 23  00 

English  Imported  Horse  Tooth  llas>p 5  00 

English  Imported  Horse  Tooth  Rasp,  guarded 6  25 

Two  Foid  Case  Veterinary  Instruments 18  00 

Three  Fold  Case  Veterinary  Instruments 27  00 

Pr  eking  Kniv  s,  1,  2  and  3  blade,  plain $250    $325    400 

Pricking  Knives,  1,  2  and  3  blade,  spring  back. .  $2  75    $3  50    4  25 

Castrating  Clamps $4  00  10  00 

Castrating  Eraseur 17  00 

Set  of  Hobbies 35  00 

Firing  Irons — 3  00 

Balling  Guns,  wood 2  50 

Balling  Guns,  brass 3  50 

Elastic  Ho <-se  Catheders 300 

Metalic  Horse  Catheders 3  00 

Saton  Needles,  plain $1  25    1  75 

Seton  Needles,  long  screw,  3  parts 4  25 

Horse  Fleams,  1.2  and  3  blades $225    $275    325 

Tracheotomy  Tubes,  metal 7  50 

Tracheotomy  Tubes,  hard  rubber 5  25 

Spring  Lancets 3  25 

Tooth  Forceps from  6  00  to  10  00 

Clipping  Shears $1  75    2  25 

Clipping  Combs,  Horn 75 

Chpping  Combs,  steel 75 

Apparatus  for  Snge.ng  with  Gas $6  50,  18  00 

Apparatus  for  Singeing  with  Alcohol $2  50,    5  00 

Trocars  and  Canulus .». 3  75 

Hy poderme  Syringes $3  75    6  00 

Silver  Milk  Tubes 200 

Horse  Muzzle 7  50 

Small  Nippers 2  25 

Baldwin  Bit .' ,  $2  50  to    5  00 

Bit  to  Prevent  Wind  Sucking 3  00 


DAVIDSON  &   CO: 8 


ANTI-CRIBBING  STRAP. 

This  Strap  is  patented,  and  is  the  only  discovery,  except  the  ob- 
noxious muzzle,  to  break  or  prevent  Horses  from  Cribbing  or  Wind- 
Sucking.  Recommended  by  WILKES'  SPIRIT,  and  TUKF,  FIELD  AND 
FARM.  Full  Directions  accompanies  each  Strap.  Price,each,$3.00. 

HORSE  GOODS. 

Jockey  Cap,  silk,  any  color,  to  order $3  50 

Weight  Boots,  per  pair,  from  4  oz.  to  1£  Ib 5  50 

Boston  Reins 12  00 

Holders  for  Reins 3  5fr 

Shin  Boots 6  00 

Lolling  Bit 6  00 

Derby  Bandages,  per  set  of  four  5  00 

Knee  Boots,  lor  protecting  above  and  below  the  knee 10  00 

Toe  Boots,  per  pair 6  00 

Spurs,  per  pair $1  00  to  6  00 

Whips,  Gutta  Percha, . .  .8  feet,  $4  25;  4  feet,  2  00 

PERFORATED  STOCKING. 

LEWIS'  PATENT. 

This  Elastic  Stocking  is  designed  to  be  applied  to  the  legs  of 
horses,  but  is  especially  invaluable  to  horses  employed  for  RACING 
PURPOSES.  It  supports  the  muscles,  tendons,  cords,  etc.,  and  does 
away  entirely  with  over-straining  and  spraining.  It  needs  but  a 
single  trial  to  convince  any  horseman  of  its  merits.  The  ablest  and 
most  experienced  trainers  of  both  RUNNERS  and  TROTTERS  pronounce 
it  invaluable.  Sold  only  in  pairs,  at  $6  per  pair. 

DOG  COLLARS. 

Leather  Dog  Collars 50c.  to  $1  00 

German  Silver  and  Brass  Dog  Collars from  60c.  to    2  00 

WORKS  ON  THE  DOG. 

b  The  Dog;  by  Dinks,  Mayhew  and  Hutchinson.    Illustrated 

and  edited  by  Frank  Forester $3  00 

r  Mayhew's  Treatise  on  the  Dog 1  00 

p  Dogs  and  their  Ways 1  50 

z  The  Dog  and  the  Gun 50 

z  Richardson  on  the  Dog 60 

b  The  Dog  in  Health  and  Disease.. 50 


PRICE  LIST. 


SLOW  HORSES  MADE  FAST, 

And  Fast  Horses  Made  Faster. 

Including  al1  successful  secrets  of  professional  horsemen,  ex- 
posures of  tallacious  theories  and  faulty  appliances,  tricks  of 
jockeys  and  frauds  of  the  turf.  A  guide  to  breeding,  raising  and 
training  trotters,  as  well  as  developing  and  improving  speed  of  all 
hor-es.  The  System  laid  down  in  t  iis  book  is  the  one  to  which 
DEXTER  owes  his  supremacy.  ROBERT  BONNER  (editorial  in  N. 
Y.  Ledger)  says :  "  A  series  of  very  interesting  and  instructive 
articles." 

"  A  very  readable  and  profitable  work  for  breeders  and  trainers 
of  the  trotting  horse.  The  work  treats  of  the  origin  of  the  Ameri- 
can trotter,  the  high  values  of  fast  horses,  large  profits  from  raising 
them,  ache'vements  of  celebrated  trotters,  improvement  in  the 
stock,  how  to  produce  the  best  trotters,  tra  ning,  shows  how  good 
horses  are  spoiled  by  fallacious  theories  and  faulty  appliances,  tells 
how  to  make  pacers  trot,  and  how  to  take  care  of  colts,  and  other 
matters."— New  York  Herald. 

"  The  interest  which  is  taken,  and  which  is  daily  increasing,  in 
the  improvement  of  horse-flesh  will  render  this  volume  an  exceed- 
ingly acceptable  one  to  m.-my  people.  *  *  *  Cannot  fail,  through 
its  reliability  to  become  a  standard  authority  among  professional 
horsemen  and  amateurs.'' — N.  Y.  Express. 

"  A  well  written  treatise  on  t;ie  history  of  the  American  trotter 
and  on  the  best  method  of  developing  speed,  with  the  exposure  of 
fallacies  and  tricks  of  the  turf."— N.  Y.  Evening  Mail. 

"By  no  means  fulfills  the  promise  in  the  title  of  a  catchpenny 
publication,  but  is  a  reaUy  instructivetreat.se  on  the  most  approved 
legitimate  methods  of  developing  the  speed  of  horse-flesh.  *  *  * 
Every  man  who  is  about  to  buy  a  horse  had  better  consult  this  little 
work  before  deciding  on  his  purchase."— Ne>o  York  Tribune. 

"A  very  valuable  and  well  written  treatise,  giv  ng  sketches  of 
several  noted  horses, with  pictures  from  photographs,  and  present- 
ing a  system  for  improving  the  speed  of  horses  which  appears  to  us 
to  be  based  upon  a  clear  common  sense  view  of  the  matter,  and 
which  has  been  fairly  treated,  with  unexampled  results  in  the  case 
of  DEXTER." — Pomeroy's  Democrat. 

*'  The  articles  embraced  in  its  pages  will  be  found  well  worth  the 
cost,  and  no  one  interested  in  any  way  in  horses,  should  be  without 
a  copy."—  Wilkes'  Spirit  of  the  Times. 

"  Handsomely  illustrated,  and  contains  matters  which  will  interest 
every  horsem  in — especially  those  interested  in  trotting  stock." — 
If /ore's  Rural  New  Yorker. 

'  Will  have  a  peculiar  interest  for  horse  fanciers." — N.  Y.  Home 
Journal. 

"  Occupies  on  account  of  its  merit  a  high  place  in  the  upper  ranks 
of  equine  literature."—^.  Y.  World. 

IPriee,    Clotli    Blna.inaf>    fcl- 


10  DAVIDSON  & 


THE    A.RT    OF- 


By  AN  OLD  AND  SUCCESSFUL  HUNTER. 

A  Complete  and  Practical  Guide  for  the   Use  of  the  Amateur  or  Profet- 
sional  Hunter  or  Trapper. 


This  book  will  be  found  very  valuable  to  those  who  have  not  had 
experience  in  the.se  healthy,  manly  and  profitable  pursuits.  The 
book  is  thorough  in  detail  in  every  resnect.  The  young  sportsman 
can  learn  how  to  use  the  Gun  or  R:fle  with  ease  and  precision,  and 
become  an  unerring  shot.  The  mystery  of  making,  setting  and  bait- 
ing Traps  successfully,  is  shbwn. 

THE  BEST  METHODS  OF  CATCHING  ALL  KINDS  OF  FISH, 

Either  in  the  Sea,  Lake  or  River,  is  told  practically  and  understand- 
ingly.  The  whole 

Art   of  Managing    and    Training    Dogs    for    Sporting 
Purposes, 

and  all  about  the  care  of  Skins  and  Furs,  so  that  they  will  fetch  the 
highest  market  price,  is  given,  with  a  vast  amount  of  other  valuable 
information  relating  to  the  Hunter's  Craft. 


CO1VTE1VTS. 

ABOUT  GUNS— How  TO  SELECT  A  GUN — BREECH-LOADERS — How  TO  LOA» 
A  GUN — THH;  ART  OP  GUNNINS— THE  RIFLE  AND  HOW  TO  USE  IT — 
ABOUT  DOGS — MANAGEMENT  OF  DOGS — TRAINING  OF  DOGS — BEST 
DOGS  FOR  SHOOTERS— HUNTING,  GUNNING,  SHOOTING — RABBIT, 
SNIPE,  PARTRIDGE,  WOODCOCK  AND  WILD  FOWL  SHOOTING— DEER 
AND  BUFFALO  HUNTING— TRAPPING — How  TO  MAKE  TRAPS — SET- 
TING AND  BAITING  TRAPS— PROPER  SEASON  FOR  TRAPPING — HINTS 
TO  TRAPPERS— SPECIFIC  DIRECTIONS  FOR  TRAPPING  AND  SNAREING 
ALL  KINDS  OF  BlRDS  AND  ANIMALS— FlSHING — BAITS,  HOOKS,  LlNES, 
RODS,  &c — How  TO  CATCH  VARIOUS  KINDS  OF  FISH — THE  ART  OF 
STRETCHING  AND  CURING  SKINS — DRESSING  AND  TANNING  SKINS  AND 
FURS — COLORING  AND  DYEING  SKINS  AND  FURS. 

The  Book  is  indispensable  to  all  who  delight  to  Fish,  Hunt  or 
Trap,  either  for  sport  or  profit.  The  instructions  will  enable  any- 
one to  become  thoroughly  expert  in  the  Sports  and  Pastimes  of  the 
River,  Field  or  Forest.  Illustrations  are  given,  where  needed,  to 
elucidate  matters,  as  in  the  construction  of  traps,  &c. 

This  book  will  place  many  in  a  position  to  turn  their  spare  time 
to  a  very  profitable  account.  Furs  and  Skins  are  always  in  de- 
mand, and  if  properly  caught  and  managed,  sell  for  large  prices — 
IPrloe  35  Cents. 


PRICE  LIST.  11 


The  Best  Work  on  the  Horse  ever  Published. 


THE  HORSE-OWNER'S  GUIDE. 

AND 

COMPLETE  HORSE  DOCTOR. 

This  is  a  book  that  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  one  who  owns, 
works,  or  cares  for  a  horse.  It  is  a  book  that  is  needed — simple, 
concise,  comprehensive,  reliable  and  practical — giving  the  fullest 
and  best  information  on  all  matters  that  relate  to  this  useful  animal. 

In  preparing  this  work,  the  writer  has  provided  for  every  possible 
immergency  that  may  occur  in  the  horse's  career.  The  part  devoted 
to  the  Diseases  of  the  Horse  is  especially  worthy  of  admiration, 
from  its  clearness,  pointedness,  and  absence  of  unnecessary  tech- 
nicalities. More  practical  knowledge  can  be  obtained  of  the  anato- 
mical structure,  the  cause  and  cure  of  disease,  and  the  laws  that 
govern  and  regulate  health,  by  an  hour's  study,  than  months  of 
reading  through  a  dozen  volumes,  each  costing  three  times  the  price 
of  this. 


ABSTRACT   OF   CONTENTS. 

HOW  TO  SELECT  A\D  PURCHASE  A  HORSE. 

If  the  directions,  given  in  this  section  of  the  work  were  attended 
to,  no  one  would  be  victinrzed  with  a  poor,  useless  animal.  The 
arts  and  methods  used  at  sales,  and  the  tricks  of  low  and  disreputa- 
ble dealers  are  thoroughly  exposed. 

STABLE    MANAGEMENT. 

This  includes  the  whole  art  and  theory  of  the  care  of  horses — not 
one  matter  is  overlooked:— the  care  of  the  stab'e  and  harness; 
grooming  and  dressing;  the  various  kinds  of  food;  best  kind  of  food 
for  different  classes  of  horses;  cleaning;  turning  to  grass;  and 
much  other  matter  of  an  equally  important  and  valuable  character 
is  given. 

CONDITION. 
What  it  is,  and  how  produced.    Medicines  not  needed. 

GENERAL  ARRANGEMENT  OF  STABLES. 

Full  directions  are  given  to  make  a  perfect  stable,  besides  many- 
hints  well  worth  knowing-. 

SIMPLK  RULES  FOR  SHOEING  AND  MANAGEMENT 
OF  THE  FEET  OF  THE  HORSE. 

Instructions  are  given  for  shoeing  horses  on  a  very  easy  and  sim- 
ple plan ;  but  the  only  true  and  scientific  method  that  ensures  com- 


12  DAVIDSON  &   COSS 


fort  and  safety  to  the  horse.  It  also  gives  receipts  for  foot  oint- 
ments, and  how  cutting,  brushing,  groggy  feet,  lameness,  and  other 
diseases  of  the  feet  may  be  avoided,  and  cured  when  contracted.— 
How  to  shoe  a  lame  horse. 

CAUSE  OF  DISEASE,  AND  ITS  PREVENTION. 

The  prevalent  errors  and  overlooked  circumstances.  Those  at 
prejudice  upon  the  horse  are  pointed  out,  and  right  methods 
indicated. 

BREAKING  AND  TRAINING  OF  HORSES. 

This  includes  the  best  known  methods  of  subduing  and  breaking 
unruly  animals,  and  the  whole  art  of  teaching  horses  to  perform 
tricks — a  very  useful  and  interesting  chapter. 

PHYSIOL.GY  OF  THE  HORSE. 

General  structure  of  the  horse-Points  every  horse  ought  to  possess 
— The  chest — B-ick — Shoulder — Arm — Kneo — L-ps — Teeth — Their 
changes — How  they  indicate  the  age  of  the  horse — Tricks  used  to 
change  their  appearance— The  foot— Errors  in  shoeing— Age  the 
horse  will  live  to — Senses  of  the  horse.  Much  important  knowledge 
that  every  horse  owner  should  know, 

BREEDING. 

Which  parent  has  the  most  influence  on  the  colt — How  determined 
— Care  necessary  at  the  time  of  first  impregnation — An  inferior 
horse  will  aftect  future  progeny — Season  of  "  heat "  in  the  mare — 
Uncertainties  attending  breeding — How  accounted  for — Hereditarv 
defects— Period  of  pregnancy — Care  of  a  brood  mare — Treatment 
of  the  foal. 

CURE  OF  SUCKING  COL.TS. 

Effects  of  bad  treatment — Heated  milk  of  the  mare — Method  to 
pursue — Weaning — Winter  Management — Handling  and  Breaking. — 
Harsh  usage. 

THE  ITIARE  FOR  A  FARMER. 
Breed— Size— Weight— Build— Character— Constitution. 

DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE. 

This  chapter  treats  of  all  the  diseases  the  horse  is  liable  to,  giving 
the  symptoms  and  the  most  improved  method  of  treatment — For- 
mula  of  Remedies,  &c.  A  very  valuable  chapter. 

This  work  gives  just  the  information  wanted,  regarding  buying, 
selling,  breeding,  working  and  doctoring  the  horse.  It  gives  the 
best  system  of  training  ever  known,  the  secrets  of  which  are 
frequently  sold  for  much  more  than  we  ask  for  the  whole  book.  If 
this  book  was  in  the  hands  of  every  horse  owner  throughout  the 
country  an  incalculable  amount  of  money  would  be  saved  yearly, 
as  well  as  much  suffering  spared  this  useful  animal. 

This  book  is  very  handsomely  printed  on  good  paper,  and  is  illus- 
trated with  three  very  fine  double-page  engravings  on  tinted  paper, 
representing  the  points  of  a  horse,  the  diseases  of  the  horse,  and 
the  muscular  system  of  the  horse — Price  5O  Cents. 


PRICE  LIST.  13 


/VRT  OF  TRAINING  ANIMALS. 


A  complete  guide  for  amateur  or  professional  trainers,  explaining 
the  most  approved  methods  of  the  most  celebrated  and  successful 
trainers,  thoroughly  initiating  the  reader  into  all  the  secrets  of  the 
profession,  exposing  various  bogus  "  charms,"  &c.,  sold  to  the  cred- 
ulous at  high  prices,  and  telling,  in  fact,  everything  connected  with 
the  art  of  breaking,  taming,  and  training  all  kinds  of  animals.  It 
includes  a  new  and  improved  method  of  horse  and  colt  breaking, 
selection  of  horses,  management  of  farm  animals,  watch  and  sport- 
ing dogs,  and  a  complete  sys'  em  of  Circus  Tricks.  Besides  all  these, 
it  has  a  chapter  on  Snake  Charming,  chapters  on  Singing,  Talking, 
and  Performing  Birds,  including  information  which  is  alone  worth 
the  price  of  the  bo..k  to  any  bird  owner. 

An  idea  of  the  book  may  be  gleaned  from  the  following  partial 
synopsis  of  a  few  of  its  chapters : 

Horse  Taming  and  Horse  Training. — How  to  manage  ahorse,  con- 
quering vicious  and  breaking  wild  horses,  kindness  and  firmness, 
curing  stubborn  disposition,  the  tamers  tools,  to  teach  a  horse  to 
stop,  to  teach  a  horse  to  back,  to  make  a  horse  follow  you,  to  stand 
without  holding,  whip  training,  to  drive  without  bit  or  bridle,  to 
cure  balky  horses,  to  prevent  harnessed  horses  running  away,  to 
instantly  stop  a  runaway  horse. 

Trick  Horses — Appliances  used  in  teaching  tricks,  to  teach  a 
horse  to  sit  up,  to  kick  at  command,  to  answer  questions,  to  jump, 
to  stand  erect,  to  "pirouette,"  pedestal  feat,  to  kiss,  to  fetch  and 
carry,  to  find  hidden  articles,  to  select  chosen  card,  to  fire  pistol, 
to  dince,  to  eat  at  table,  to  play  hand  organ,  to  feign  lameness,  to 
walk  over  you,  Ac. 

Performing  Dogs — Simple  tricks  and  training,  to  teach  him  his 
name,  to  leap,  to  walk  erect,  to  dance,  to  jump  rope,  to  sit  and  lie 
down  at  command,  to  beg,  to  give  his  paw,  to  sneeze,  to  speak  for 
it,  to  fetch  and  carry,  to  bring  you  his  tail  in  his  mouth,  to  stand  on 
a  ball  and  roll  it  up  and  down  a  plank,  to  walk  on  stilts,  to  go  up 
and  down  a  ladder,  to  stand  on  his  head  and  walk  on  fore  legs,  to 
"sing,"  lump  of  sugar  trick,  to  feign  death. 

Wonderful  Feats  of  Dogs. — Celebrated  canine1  performers  of  the 
world,  to  teach  dogs  the  alphabet,  to  select  from  a  number  of  articles 
any  article  called  for,  to  place  any  article  in  any  place  directed,  or 
give  it  to  any  designated  person,  to  eat  any  article  of  food  and  leave 
any  other  as  he  may  be  ordered,  to  play  dominoes.  "  Munito  "  and 
"Mile.  Bianca,"  their  wonderful  performances,  how  they  were 
really  acheived,  tricks  of  exhibitors,  as  well  as  tricks  of  performers, 
real  education  vs.  clever  deception,  full  details  of  training,  canine 
actors. 

And  OVER  TWENTY  other  chapters.  Gives  more  information  about, 
training  animals  in  a  single  chapter  than  any  other  entire  tpork.  It  is 


14  DAVID&ON  d  CO.1 8 


cram  full  of  stories  and  anecdotes  about  celebrated  performing 
animals,  and  is  a  most  interesting  and  readable  book,  even  to  those 
who  care  little  for  the  mere  secrets  and  instructions.  Over  20O 
large  12mo.  pages,  and  over  6O  illustrations.  Only  $1.0O. 

Just  published,  and  may  be  had  by  mail,  post  paid,  on  receipt  of 
price. 

"Every  man  who  owns  an  animal,  from  a  horse  to  a  canary  bird, 
should  have  a  copy.  It  will  teach  him  more  in  a  week  than  he  could 

learn  in  a  lifetime  without  it No  more  acceptable  book  could  be 

put  into  the  hands  of  boys  who  live  in  the  country It  will  at  once 

take  its  place  as  a  standard  work We  do  not  know  of  a  book  bet- 
ter worth  the  price  asked  for  it. — New  York  Evening  Press. 

"  It  seems  to  be  a  guide  not  only  to  teaching  the  more  intelligent 
of  the  dumb  beasts  good  1  ricks,  but  also  of  breaking  them  of  bad 
ones." — Prov.  Morn.  Herald. 

"It  is  highly  spoken  of  by  those  capable  of  judging." — Chicago 
Ece.  Journal. 

"Will  commend  itself  to  most  readers  interested  in  animals." — 
Boston  Evening  Traveler. 

"The  anecdotes  are  quite  amusing,  and  will  entertain  both  old 
and  young." — Advance,  Chicago. 

"  The  general  method  recommended  is  reasonable."— Brooklyn 
Daily  Eagle. 

"  A  more  complete  manual  of  the  art  of  animal  training  than  this 
would  be  difficult  to  imagine. " — N.  Y.  Evening  Express. 
.  "The  teachings  are  very  clear,  and  the  illustrations  numerous, 
leaving  nothing  in  the  dark." — American  Union. 

"  With  all  its  precision,  it  is  by  no  means  a  purely  didactic  work, 
but  mingles  with  its  clear  directions  a  number  of  pleasant  facts, 
pleasantly  told."— Day  Book. 

$250  I^FORVMATSIEON  For  50  Cents. 


By  means  of  circulars  and  newspaper  advertisements  a  thriving 
business  is  done  in  Felling  recipes,  rights  to  make  or  use  wonderful 
discoveries,  and  various  secrets,  &c.  Some  of  them  are  good,  some 
worthless,  some  fraudulent.  Many  invest  a  few  shillings  or  dollars 
out  of  mere  curiosity  or  in  hopes  of  money  making  or  gaining 
knowledge.  We  have  collected  at  cost  of  over  $250  all  the  promi- 
nent of  these  advertised  things.  Their  sellers  we  find  have  no  ex- 
clusive right  to  them,  so  we  propose  to  give  our  $250  worth  to 
tne  public  in  a  neat  little  book  which  we  call  the 

BOOK  OF  ADVERTISED   WONDERS. 

This  gives  the  good,  bad  and  indifferent,  but  with  comments  explain- 
ing the  real  character  of  each.  The  following  list  will  give  an  idea 
of  the  contents : 


PRICE  LIST.  15 


It  tells  you  how  to  make  vinegar  in  tea  hours  from  molasses, 
sorghum  cicer,  &c.,  without  drugs  or  chemicals;  American  Gin 
Without  any  Distillation  at  16  cts.  per  pint ;  Premium  Mead ;  Ale 
Without  Malt  or  Hops ;  Cure  for  Asthma ;  Imitation  Cognac  Brandy 
Equal  to  Finest  French  Genuine ;  Glycerine  Cement ;  Chinese  Art 
of  Dwarfing  Trees;  How  to  Raise  the  Vinegar  Plant;  Bee-keeper's 
Secret  for  Securing  Fertilization  of  Young  Queens  by  any  Drones 
desired  ;  How  to  Secure  nearly  Double  the  Usual  Product  in  Artifi- 
cial Fish  Raising ;  Chemical  Paint,  durable  and  odorless,  of  any 
color,  Without  Oil ;  Great  Waterproof  Varnish  for  Boots  and  Shoes ; 
Kapnophyte,  the  new  departure  in  Fertilizers;  Great  Art  of  Chemi- 
cal/ing  Manure ;  Grpat  Vegeta-ble  Remedy  for  Burns,  Scalds,  &c. ; 
Food  fur  Mocking  Birds ;  Death  to  the  C<nton  Worm ;  India-rubber 
Cement ;  Pound  of  Butter  from  a  Pint  of  Milk ;  Ottawa  Beer ;  Ar- 
tificial Rubber  from  Milkweed. 

Nickel  plating  Without  a  Battery;  Art  of  Saw-filing ;  Remedv  for 
Love  of  Strong  Drink  ;  Hunter's  Secrets  and  Private  Guide  to  Trap- 
pers ;  "  Mad  Stones,"  how  to  find,  how  to  Prepare,  and  how  to  use 
the  great  natural  remedy  for  bites  of  poisonous  or  rabid  animals ; 
Seltzer  Aperient;  Excelsior  Axle  Grease  ;  Art  of  Sharpening  Saws; 
Magical  British  Washing  Powder;  Printers' Indispensable,  Improv- 
ing and  Drying  Inks  of  all  kinds  and  colors — greatest  help  to  good 
printing  ever  invented;  Imperial  Fiy  Paper,  or  "catch 'em  slive 
oh!''  Soluble  Blues,  or  Liquid  Blueing;  Eaelish  Harness  Blacking ; 
Preserving  Grapes  in  the |r  Natural  Condition  all  Winter;  How  to 
make  Brandy  from  Shavings;  Apple  Butter  Without  Apples;  Old 
Orchards  Made  New,  Kainite,  or  Tree  Msdiciue ;  Safety  Gunpowder; 
One  Hun-lred  Pounds  of  Soap  for  One  Dollar  ;  How  to  Keep  Apples 
Fresh  and  Sound  all  Winter;  Tyler's  Permeating  Powder;  How  to 
Restore  Vitality  of  Seeds;  Hunter's  Secret;  How  to  Make  Money 
from  Tomatoes ;  Chinese  Art  of  Catching  Fish ;  Infallible  Remedy 
for  Potato  Rot;  Liquid  Black  Lead  Polish ;  "All  Farmers  and  Horse, 
Owners ;"  Barrel  of  Soft  Soap  for  75  cts.;  Dead  Shot  for  Rose  Slugs; 
Scrofula  Ointment;  Rat  Killing  Without  Traps  or  Poison;  Baking 
Powder ;  Maple  Sugar  Without  Maple  Trees. 

Fifty  Methods  of  Making  Money;  Fire-proof  Paint;  Premium 
Black  Writing  Ink;  Magic  Copying;  Vegetable  Salve;  Counterfeit 
Detector ;  Art  of  Painting  on  Glass ;  Celebrated  Chemical  Com- 
pound; Hunter's  Secret;  Soft  Soap;  Starch  Polish;  Cider  Better 
than  from  Apples,  and  Not  Intoxicating ;  Rheumatic  L;niment; 
Magnetic  Ointment;  Indian  Pills;  Red  Ink;  Blue  Ink;  Indelible 
Ink,  Without  Preparation;  Luminous  Ink;  Red  Ruling  Ink;  Yellow 
Ink;  Invis'ble  Ink;  Waterproof  Composition ;  Gunpowder ;  Shaving 
Soap;  Hard  Solder;  Sofr  Solder;  SLver  Plating  Fluid;  Great  Pain 
Extractor;  Matches;  Horse  Taming;  Oil-paste  Blacking;  Metals 
Preserved  from  Rust ;  Sealing  Wax;  Cologne  Water ;  Hair  Restora- 
tive; Curling  Liquid  for  the  Hair;  Excelsior  Hair  Oil;  Celebrated 
Tooth  Powder;  Cough  Syrup;  Universal  Liniment;  Brick  Paint; 
Wood  Paint;  Best  Varnish;  Leather  Varnish ;  Almond  Soap ;  Fancy 
Soap;  Non-explosive  Burning  Fluid;  Florida  Water  ;  Macassar  Oil; 
Lavender  Perfumed  Water ;  Buffilo  Oil. 
Sun-light  Oil ;  Corassa  Compound ;  Inman's  Cure  for  Nervous 


10  DAVIDSON  &   CO.' 8 


Weakness,  £c. ;  Clover  yinegar;  Curing  Pork  Without  Brine  ;  Sure 
and  Safe  Remedy  for  Warts ;  Electric  Blacking ;  How  to  Add  50  per 
cent  to  Yield  of  Grain  at  Trifling  Labor  and  Expense ;  Hardening 
Gloss  for  Printer's  Inks;  Whiskers  in  Six  Weeks;  Deautiful  Art  of 
Transferring  any  kind  of  Pictures  to  Glass;  Great  American  Wash- 
ing Flud;  Liebig's  Great  Fertilizer;  Gilding  Without  a  Battery; 
Water  Witching,  or  Art  of  Finding  Hidden  Water,  Oil,  or  other 
valuable  Fluids,  Beneath  the  Ground  with  the  Forked  Switch ;  Yeast 
from  Grape  Leaves;  How  to  Soften  Hard  Water;  Butter  Without 
Milk  or  Cream— artificial  butter  that  cannot  be  told  from  genuine; 
Chinese  Cure  for  Neuralgia;  Pain  Pant;  Artificial  Svrups  for  Soda 
Water,  and  a  Secret  for  Adding  Largely  to  Profits ;  M>at  Preserving 
in  Hot  Weather ;  Bordeaux  Wine  Imitation ;  Art  of  Waterproofing 
Cloth;  Phycometic  Fascination,  or  Art  of  Soul  Charming;  Co'ored 
Fires  for  Theatrical  and  other  purposes ;  Boiler  Incrustation  Pre- 
ventive ;  Vegetable  Cure  for  Hydrophobia;  Egg  Preserving  Secret; 
Laundry  Secrets ;  Art  of  Pickling  Meat  in  One  Day.  One  hundred 
pages.  Price  Fifty  Cents. 

Address  all  orders : 

DAVIDSON  &  CO., 

86  Nassau  Street, 
IE5.  O-  BCXXL    !2!396.  NEW  YORK  CITY, 


OUTR,  TERMS. 

Orders  less  than  $5  must  be  accompanied  by  the  money.  Orders 
amounting  to  $5,  and  over,  will  be  sent  C.  0.  D.  (collect  on  delivery) 
if  desired,  but  a  deposit  of  10  per  cent,  must  accompany  order,  at 
our  risk  if  by  registered  letter.  Except  to  the  Territories,  where 
orders  les*  than  $25  must  be  accompanied  by  the  money,  and  on  or- 
ders over  $25,  sent  C.  0.  D.,  a  deposit  of  25  percent,  will  be  required 
to  insure  express  charges  and  freight  in  case  goods  are  not  taken. 
A  written  guarantee  from  Express  Agent  that  goods  will  be  taken 
will  answer  the  same  as  deposit. 

When  ordering  by  telegraph  make  your  deposit  with  Express 
Agent,  who  will  order  for  you. 

Parties  will  find  it  cheaper  to  forward  full  amount  with  their  or- 
der, as  all  collections  are  subject  to  charges  for  returning  money. 
Remi.tances  can  be  made  with  perfect  safety  by  Draft,  Money-Order 
or  Registered  Letter. 


